Chemical composition of colostrum and milk of sows fed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) during last period of pregnancy

Abstract

42 Large Polish White x Polish Landrace sows in the 3 rd and 4th reproductive cycle were divided into four groups. The sows were fed completed pelleted feeds with free access to water. The 2% or 4% sunflower oil (for control groups) and 2 or 4% CLA oil (for experimental groups), were added to the feeds for groups from 90th day of gestation to the parturition. CLA oil contained 61% CLA isomers (EDENOR UKD 6010, Henkel). Colostrum and milk samples (100 ml) were taken 24 hours after placental expulsion and at the 8th and 21 st days of lactation. The fat supplements were found to have no effect on the dry mater, fat, protein and ash content of sows' milk. The colostrum of sows given the dietary 4% supplement of CLA contained more lactose (p< 0.05). Significant differences in quantity of CLA in colostrum, the same for sows receiving in the diet 2% as 4% addition of CLA were observed (p<0.01). Significant differences (p< 0.05) were observed also in 8th of lactation. In both colostrum and milk samples from sows getting the addition of CLA in fodder decreasing tendencies of the content of unsaturated fatty acids -UF A, and increasing tendencies of the content of monounsaturated fatty acids -MUFA (p<0.05). The effect of studied factors in milk samples taken in 21 day of lactation was not observed.

Nutritional Parameters in Colostrum of Different Mammalian Species

“…Milk protein content differs significantly among species but not so much as milk fat, ranging from approximately 1% (in human) to about 14% (in whale). Lactose ranges from trace (in kangaroo) to 7.4% (in donkey), while minerals range from almost 0 to 2% [75].…”

Colostrum and milk quality of sows fed different diets during mid-pregnancy

“…The fatty acids profile of colostrum and milk is crucial as high PUFA content has a positive effect on piglet immunity, survival and rearing performance (Bassaganya-Riera et al, 2001). The effect of sow nutrition on the fatty acid profile of colostrum and milk has been already stated by Tilton et al (1999), Barowicz et al (2002) or Cordero et al (2011). However attention should be given to the dynamic changes in the fatty acid profile during lactation, especially to the content of the essential fatty acids (EFA): linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) and alphalinolenic acid (C18:3 n3), from which fatty acids with longer carbon chains are formed in animal tissues such as arachidonic acid (C20:4 n6), eicosapentaneoic acid (C22:5 n3) and docosahexaenoic acids (C24:6 n3), crucial for the development of the body immunity (Averette et al, 1999).…”

“…Feeding sows with fat-enriched diets, Tilton et al (1999) observed an increase in the level of MUFA (in particular C18:1) and PUFA (C18:2, C18:3 and C20:4). After feeding late-pregnant sows with linoleic acid, Barowicz et al (2002) found their colostrum and milk to have lower content of unsaturated fatty acids and an increased level of MUFA.…”