In Nigeria, access to reliable and stable supply of electricity is a major challenge for both the urban and rural dwellers. In this study, comprehensive review of accessibility to clean and modern energy in Nigeria has been carried out. Also, this paper examines the potential of renewable energy (RE) resources in Nigeria that can be harnessed for continuous energy supply and the government's efforts to ensure RE's sustainability. Nigeria is endowed with abundant energy resources but the existing electric energy infrastructures are unable to meet the energy demands of teeming population. There is imbalance in energy supply and demand in the country. Over the period from 2000 to 2014, there was an average of about 2.35 billion kWh of energy gap between energy production and energy consumption. The highest electricity consumption per capita recorded so far was 156 kWh in 2012. This makes Nigeria one of the country with the lowest electricity consumption on per capita basis in the world. In order to improve access to clean energy supply and achieve sustainable development, this paper pin points the significance of decentralized renewable energy systems and needs for the government to review the policies on renewable energy development in the country.

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This paper presents technical and economic assessment of a hybrid energy system for electricity generation in rural communities in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The study was based on a 500 rural household model having an electric load of 493 kWh per day. To simulate long-term continuous implementation of the hybrid system, 21 years (1992 – 2012) hourly mean global solar radiation and wind speed data for the selected sites were used. The mean annual wind speed and solar radiation for the locations ranged from 2.31 m/s for Warri to 3.52 m/ s for Maiduguri and 4.53 kWh/m2 for Warri to 5.92 kWh/m2 for Maiduguri, respectively. These weather data were used for simulation with the Micro-power Optimization Model software HOMER. From the optimum results of the hybrid system,Warri has the highest NPC and COE of $2,441,222 and $0.721/kWh, respectively while Maiduguri has the least NPC and COE of $2,225,387 and $0.658/kWh, respectively for the 21 years project lifespan. The high value of COE for Warri is due to its low renewable energy resource while low COE for Maiduguri is due to its high renewable energy resource. The Northern part of the country has ample renewable energy resource availability and with a strong political will, optimal utilization of these renewable resources (solar and wind) can be actualized. Researchers, Industrialists, Policy Makers and the Nigerian government should therefore seize this opportunity in developing a sustainable energy through utilization of abundant renewable energy resources in the country.

Datasets contained in this article are noise level measurement carried out at 41 different locations in Ota metropolis, Nigeria. The noise readings were measured at a time interval of 30 min for each site considered using a precision grade sound level meter. The analysis was based on the noise descriptors LAeq, L10, L90, LD, TNI and NEI. Results from the study reflects that the highest and lowest equivalent noise levels (LAeq) were recorded at commercial areas (96 dB (A)) and residential areas (52 dB (A)), respectively, the background noise level (L90) has the highest and lowest values at commercial areas (77 dB (A)) and residential areas (44 dB (A)), respectively and the peak value (L10) has the highest value and lowest value at the commercial areas (96 dB (A)) and residential areas (56 dB (A)). Based on the WHO recommendations and standards, only 2 out of the 41 locations considered are under normally acceptable situation while the noise levels of other areas are not acceptable. Noise map developed in this study provides enough information for technical controls and interim legislation against environmental noise pollution in the metropolis. Moreover, considering the noise emission standards, planning and promoting the citizens awareness about the high noise risk could help to mitigate the effect of noise in Ota, Metropolis. The noise data in this study are useful as reference and guideline for future regulations on noise limit to be implemented for urban areas in Nigeria and developing countries at large.

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection flow and associated heat convection in an oriented elliptic enclosure has been investigated with numerical simulations. A magnetic field was applied to the cylindrical wall of the configuration, the top and bottom walls of the enclosure were circumferentially cooled and heated, respectively, while the extreme ends along the cross-section of the elliptic duct were considered adiabatic. The full governing equations in terms of continuity, momentum, and energy transport were transformed into nondimensional form and solved numerically using finite difference method adopting Gauss-Seidel iteration technique. The selected geometrical parameters and flow properties considered for the study were eccentricity (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8), angle of inclination (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°), Hartmann number (0, 25, and 50), Grashof number (10 4 , 10 5 , and 10 6 ), and Darcy number (10 −3 , 10 −4 , and 10 −5 ). The Prandtl number was held constant at 0.7. Numerical results were presented by velocity distributions as well as heat transfer characteristics in terms of local and average Nusselt numbers (i.e., rate of heat transfer). The optimum heat transfer rate was attained at e value of 0.8. Also, the heat transfer rate increased significantly between the angles of inclination 58°a nd 90°. In addition, Hartmann number increased with decreased heat transfer rate and flow circulation. A strong flow circulation (in terms of velocity distribution) was observed with increased Grashof and Darcy numbers. The combination of the geometric and fluid properties therefore can be used to regulate the circulation and heat transfer characteristics of the flow in the enclosure. C⃝ -Finite difference method adopting Gauss-Seidel iteration techniques is used to solve this problem.-Average Nusselt Number (Nu a ) for the parametric range 0.6 ≤ e < 1 is mixed convection conduction.-Local Nusselt number (Nu) increased for the parametric range 0.4 ≤ e < 1, that is, 0.4 to 0.8.-Inclination angle increases significantly for the range 58°≤ ∅ ≤ 90°, that is, 58°and 90°i nclination.-Hartmann number effect increasing with decreasing flow circulation (i.e., velocity distribution). Grashof and Darcy numbers effect increasing strongly with increasing flow circulation (velocity distribution) for Grashof number = 10 6 and 10 −4 .

In Nigeria, high and outrageous energy cost constitutes a serious challenge to all aspects of the economy. And this has been a subject of concern in the country over a period of time. A dependable and renewable energy source is of utmost desire to strengthen the nation's economy and this urgent need cannot be overlooked. As a result of the erratic and expensive power supply to the national grid, it has become ultimately necessary to search for other inexpensive sources of energy to meet the ever increasing energy needs for rural and urban dwellers. In view of the above energy situation in Nigeria, this paper aimed at carrying out a comprehensive review on bioenergy technology option as a pathway to achieving sustainable energy development in the country. The potential, current progressive stages, and prospects of bioenergy conversion techniques, in the Nigeria context, are discussed. The barriers to bioenergy technology development in Nigeria with possible solutions are also presented.