The objective of this study was to determine effects of soybean milk extender on sperm quality end points of cryopreserved goat sperm. Pooled ejaculates from West African Dwarf (WAD) goats were diluted with various amounts (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 ml) of soybean milk (SBM) in Tris-extenders, subjected to slow or rapid freezing for 30 days and subsequently thawed and evaluated. Inclusion of SBM in extenders improved sperm quality (P < 0.05) compared to control (egg yolk-based extender) for both slow and rapid freezing methods. Semen cryopreserved with 10 or 15 % SBM extender had higher (P < 0.05) motility compared to other concentrations and the control using slow freezing. Although both cryoprotocols had higher (P < 0.05) acrosome integrity when cryopreserved with 20 % SBM extender, acrosome integrity at 20 % SBM was higher (P < 0.05) in rapid freezing compared to slow freezing. Semen cryopreserved with SBM extenders had lower (P < 0.05) Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in 10 to 20 % SBM extenders for both freezing methods, although MDA concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in slow freezing compared to rapid freezing. Semen cryopreserved with SBM extenders in both protocols had fewer (P < 0.05) leukocytes and a higher (P < 0.05) acrosome reaction and sperm capacitation, whereas there was a higher (P < 0.05) acrosome reaction with 10 and 5 % SBM extenders using slow and rapid freezing respectively. In conclusion, for goat semen cryopreserved using slow or rapid freezing protocols, SBM extenders improved functional, fertilizing and seminal oxidative stress end points.
Antioxidants are linked with sperm viability because of their protective effects against cell damage during preservation. In order to enhance the life span of refrigerated buck semen, this study was carried out to determine the effect of fruit-rich antioxidants on spermatozoa viability and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of buck semen during liquid storage. Pooled semen from five Red Sokoto bucks was diluted with Tris-egg yolk based extender and supplemented each with juices from pawpaw tomato and watermelon at 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10/ 100 ml respectively. Following dilution, the semen samples were assessed subjectively after in vitro storage at 5°C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours as regards sperm motility, abnormalities, and acrosome status using a phase-contrast microscope. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as indices of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the stored semen was measured in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results showed highest progressive motility in watermelon juice at 2.5% (P<0.05) during the first 24 hours of storage while the lowest progressive motility was recorded at various levels of pawpaw juice (P<0.05). After 48 hours of storage, extender supplemented with watermelon and tomato juices had better progressive motility compared to control except 7.5% and 10%% of tomato juice (P<0.05). Irrespective of level of juice in the extender, the percentage of intact acrosome was similar among the various juices and control. The results showed that spermatozoa extended with watermelon juice had the lowest (P<0.05) percentage abnormality compared to other extenders at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of storage. Higher (P<0.05) percent spermatozoa abnormality compared to other fruit juices and control was observed at 72 and 96 hours of storage in spermatozoa extended with pawpaw juice. Significant reductions of MDA concentrations were achieved by addition of fruit-rich antioxidants to Tris-egg yolk based extender during the first 72 hours and the reduction was much pronounced in extender supplemented with pawpaw juice compared to control (P<0.05). The findings reveal that fruit-rich antioxidants from watermelon and tomato have protective ability to maintain sperm viability and to reduce concentration MDA of buck semen during liquid storage.
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