The Haldia port is situated in the Hooghly estuary, 104 km downstream of Kolkata Port. As a result of high sedimentation, the navigational channel to the Haldia Port is maintained with great amount of dredging (25 MCM per Annum). The paper presents a study carried out to find a solution to improve the channel depth together with minimum maintenance dredging. A desk study was carried out to identify the historical formation of the estuary and the remedial measures implemented in the past. A detailed field investigation was carried out to obtain the relevant data for the calibration of numerical models. 1D (MIKE 11) river hydrodynamic modelling was carried out using the available bathymetric data to supply upstream boundary conditions for the 2D (MIKE 21) and 3D (MIKE 3) numerical models. Number of possible scenarios were tested through MIKE 21 hydrodynamic modelling to select more feasible options. Selected options were further assessed through morphodynamic and 3D hydrodynamic modelling to examine the long term sustainability of the proposed solutions. Finally, the option which comprise of; approach channel through Balari Passage & closure of the Shore Attached Channel was selected as the best option. The selected option was further studied taking navigational aspects, dredging efforts and construction sequence into consideration.
Every year, tons of demolished concrete waste items dump into the environment from the construction industry. With this process, a massive environmental pollution occurs. Therefore, in this research, the main aim is to find a solution for this environmental pollution by recycling this waste products. The main objective is to recycle these concrete waste materials from industries to use as an alternative material for the production of permeable concrete by maintaining the recommended compressive strength and the recommended permeability. Permeable concrete can be used for the concreting of floor areas like car parks. It provides environmentally friendly way to drain storm water without flooding. For this research, cement to aggregate ratio was used 1:5 and 14mm to 20mm size natural coarse aggregate and concrete waste were used. The control sample was prepared using 100% aggregate. With total amount of aggregate weight 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% amounts were replaced with the waste concrete after preparing 14mm to 20mm size samples. The slump test, compressive strength test and the permeability tests were conducted. According the results of the 28 days compressive strength test, the control sample was obtained 7.423MPa strength but neither of any other sample could not reached this strength. However, the sample which replaced with the 10% of waste concrete with 90% natural coarse aggregate has obtained 88.683% strength compared to the control sample. According to the permeability results it shows that there will not have a great impact by using concrete waste as an alternative material in permeable concrete production. The results were varied between 15.8L/m 2 /s to 15.08L/m 2 /s.
ABSTRACT. The Haldia port is situated in the Hooghly estuary, 104 km downstream of Kolkata Port. As a result of high sedimentation, the navigational channel to the Haldia Port is maintained with great amount of dredging (25 MCM per Annum). The paper presents a study carried out to find a solution to improve the channel depth together with minimum maintenance dredging. A desk study was carried out to identify the historical formation of the estuary and the remedial measures implemented in the past. A detailed field investigation was carried out to obtain the relevant data for the calibration of numerical models. 1D (MIKE 11) river hydrodynamic modelling was carried out using the available bathymetric data to supply upstream boundary conditions for the 2D (MIKE 21) and 3D (MIKE 3) numerical models. Number of possible scenarios were tested through MIKE 21 hydrodynamic modelling to select more feasible options. Selected options were further assessed through morphodynamic and 3D hydrodynamic modelling to examine the long term sustainability of the proposed solutions. Finally, the option which comprise of; approach channel through Balari Passage & closure of the Shore Attached Channel was selected as the best option. The selected option was further studied taking navigational aspects, dredging efforts and construction sequence into consideration.
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