The December 26, 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake that registered a moment magnitude (M w ) of 9.1 was one of the largest earthquakes in the world since 1900. The devastating tsunami that resulted from this earthquake caused more casualties than any previously reported tsunami. The number of fatalities and missing persons in the most seriously affected countries were 736,322,212. This paper describes two field visits to assess tsunami effects in Sri Lanka by a combined team of Japanese and Sri Lankan researchers. The first field visit from December 30, 2004 -January 04, 2005 covered the western and southern coasts of Sri Lanka including the cities of Moratuwa, Beruwala, Bentota, Pereliya, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Talpe, Matara, Tangalla and Hambantota. The objectives of the first field visit were to investigate the damage caused by the tsunami and to obtain eyewitness information about wave arrival times. The second field visit from March 10-18, 2005 covered the eastern and southern coasts of Sri Lanka and included Trincomalee, Batticaloa, Arugam Bay, Yala National Park and Kirinda. The objectives of the second visit were mainly to obtain eyewitness information about wave arrival times and inundation data, and to take relevant measurements using GPS instruments.
The Haldia port is situated in the Hooghly estuary, 104 km downstream of Kolkata Port. As a result of high sedimentation, the navigational channel to the Haldia Port is maintained with great amount of dredging (25 MCM per Annum). The paper presents a study carried out to find a solution to improve the channel depth together with minimum maintenance dredging. A desk study was carried out to identify the historical formation of the estuary and the remedial measures implemented in the past. A detailed field investigation was carried out to obtain the relevant data for the calibration of numerical models. 1D (MIKE 11) river hydrodynamic modelling was carried out using the available bathymetric data to supply upstream boundary conditions for the 2D (MIKE 21) and 3D (MIKE 3) numerical models. Number of possible scenarios were tested through MIKE 21 hydrodynamic modelling to select more feasible options. Selected options were further assessed through morphodynamic and 3D hydrodynamic modelling to examine the long term sustainability of the proposed solutions. Finally, the option which comprise of; approach channel through Balari Passage & closure of the Shore Attached Channel was selected as the best option. The selected option was further studied taking navigational aspects, dredging efforts and construction sequence into consideration.
The magnitude 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on December 26, 2004, was one of the world's largest since 1900. The devastating tsunami resulting from it caused more casualties than any previously reported tsunami. This paper describes two field visits to assess tsunami damage in Sri Lanka by a team of Japanese and Sri Lankan researchers and environmental restoration plans for tsunami-impacted inland water bodies. The first field visit, Dec. 30, 2004-Jan. 04, 2005, covered western, southwestern and southern Sri Lanka and included the cities of Beruwala, Pereliya, Hikkaduwa, Galle, Talpe, Matara, and Hambantota. The second field visit, March 10-18, 2005, covered northeastern, eastern, southeastern and southern Sri Lanka and included Trincomalee, Kuchchaveli, Pasikkudah, Batticaloa, Arugam Bay, Yala (National Park), and Kirinda. Eyewitness information on wave arrival times is also discussed.
ABSTRACT. The Haldia port is situated in the Hooghly estuary, 104 km downstream of Kolkata Port. As a result of high sedimentation, the navigational channel to the Haldia Port is maintained with great amount of dredging (25 MCM per Annum). The paper presents a study carried out to find a solution to improve the channel depth together with minimum maintenance dredging. A desk study was carried out to identify the historical formation of the estuary and the remedial measures implemented in the past. A detailed field investigation was carried out to obtain the relevant data for the calibration of numerical models. 1D (MIKE 11) river hydrodynamic modelling was carried out using the available bathymetric data to supply upstream boundary conditions for the 2D (MIKE 21) and 3D (MIKE 3) numerical models. Number of possible scenarios were tested through MIKE 21 hydrodynamic modelling to select more feasible options. Selected options were further assessed through morphodynamic and 3D hydrodynamic modelling to examine the long term sustainability of the proposed solutions. Finally, the option which comprise of; approach channel through Balari Passage & closure of the Shore Attached Channel was selected as the best option. The selected option was further studied taking navigational aspects, dredging efforts and construction sequence into consideration.
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