A series of organotin complexes with Sn-S bonds of formulae Me2Sn(SR)2 (1); Et2Sn(SR)2 (2); (n-Bu)2Sn(SR)2 (3); Ph2Sn(SR)2 (4); R2Sn(SR)2 (5); Me3SnSR (6); Ph3SnSR (7) (R = 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H, (13)C NMR, and IR. The crystal structures of compounds 1, 4, 5, and 7 were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The tetrahedral geometry around the Sn center in the monocrystals of 1, 4, 5, and 7 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The high radical scavenging activity of the complexes was confirmed spectrophotometrically in a DPPH-test. The binding affinity of 1-7 and the starting R2SnCl2 (8) towards tubulin through their interaction with SH groups of proteins was studied. It was found that the hindered organotin complexes could interact with the colchicine site of tubulin, which makes them promising antimitotic drugs. Compounds 1-8 were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human breast (MCF-7) and human cervix (HeLa) adenocarcinoma cells. Complexes 1-8 were also tested against normal human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5). Complexes 2-4 and 8 exhibit significantly lower cytostatic activity against the normal MRC-5 cell line compared to the tumor cell lines MCF-7 and HeLa used. A high activity against both cell lines 250 nM (MCF-7) and 160 nM (HeLa) was determined for the triphenyltin complex 7 while the introduction of hindered phenol groups decreases the cytotoxicity of the complexes against normal cells.
Abstract:The synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of a series of Pt IV complexes with lonidamine as a ligand coordinated in axial position are described. Lonidamine was found to affect strongly the in vitro cytotoxic activity of these new complexes, lowering
Two series of organotin(IV) complexes with Sn–S bonds on the base of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐mercaptophenol (L1SH) of formulae Me2Sn(L1S)2 (1); Et2Sn(L1S)2 (2); Bu2Sn(L1S)2 (3); Ph2Sn(L1S)2 (4); (L1)2Sn(L1S)2 (5); Me3Sn(L1S) (6); Ph3Sn(L1S) (7) (L1 = 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl), together with the new ones [Me3SnCl(L2)] (8), [Me2SnCl2(L2)2] (9) (L2 = 2‐(N‐3′,5′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐iminomethylphenol) were used to study their antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Novel complexes 8, 9 of MenSnCl4 − n (n = 3, 2) with Schiff base were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of compounds 8 and 9 were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The distorted tetrahedral geometry around the Sn center in the monocrystals of 8 was revealed, the Schiff base is coordinated to the tin(IV) atom by electrostatic interaction and formation of short contact Sn–O 2.805 Å. In the case of complex 9 the distorted octahedron coordination of Sn atom is formed. The antioxidant activity of compounds as radical scavengers and reducing agents was proved spectrophotometrically in tests with stable radical DPPH, reduction of Cu2+ (CUPRAC method) and interaction with superoxide radical‐anion. Moreover, compounds have been screened for in vitro cytotoxicity on eight human cancer cell lines. A high activity against all cell lines with IC50 values 60–160 nM was determined for the triphenyltin complex 7, while the introduction of Schiff base decreased the cytotoxicity of the complexes. The influence on mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial permeability for the compounds 8 and 9 has been studied. It is shown that studied complexes depolarize the mitochondria but don't influence the calcium‐induced mitochondrial permeability transition.
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in modern medicine. Molecular design of novel substances with pharmacological activity is one of the goals of medicinal inorganic chemistry. Platinum complexes are widely used in the treatment of cancer, despite high efficacy their use is limited by side effects, as well as primary or acquired resistance. In this regard, the search for novel metal-containing antitumor compounds is underway. Organotins and gold compounds are promising pharmacological agents with anti-cancer properties. The introduction of protective antioxidant fragments into inorganic compounds molecules is a way to reduce the side effects of anti-cancer drugs on healthy cells. 2,6-dialkylphenols belonging to vitamin E (α-tocopherol) mimetics are widely used as antioxidants and stabilizers. The properties of Ph3SnCl (Sn-I), Ph3PAuCl (Au-I) and complexes Ph3SnSR (Sn-II) and Ph3PAuSR (Au-II) based on 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-mercaptophenol (RSH) as radical scavengers and reducing agents were studied in model reactions. For Sn-II and Au-II the comparative study of cytotoxic action was made and the IC50 values on different cancer cell lines were found to be depended on the nature of metal. In general, Sn(IV) complexes possessed higher cytotoxicity than Au(I) complexes. In order to clarify the mechanism of cytotoxic mode of action the effect of compounds on Fe3+-induced lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial permeability, cell cycle and induction of apoptosis was studied. Organotin compounds can bind tubulin SH-groups and inhibit its polymerization by a dose-dependent mechanism, whereas gold compounds inhibit Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). In vivo experiments on acute toxicity of Sn-II and Au-II proved their moderate toxic action that opens prospects for the further study as antitumor agents.
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