In North Africa as it is worldwide, fruit flies are of major concern for horticultural crops. Bioecology and future trends of fruit flies in North Africa have been reviewed recently in Boulahia-Kheder (2021). However, there is no recent review on their management in North Africa. Previously, in a review by Dias et al. (2018), the number of publications on fruit flies monitoring and control tactics, was 1-5 from Tunisia, 6-25 from Egypt and zero for Morocco, Algeria and Libya, while much research has been conducted in the last 15 years at least in the first three countries. Here, we consider mainly fruit flies management in Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco (Maghreb region) and Egypt, as publications from Mauritania and Libya are not available.In Maghreb, the main fruit fly species of economic concern is the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly) Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); it is a key pest on citrus, summer fruits namely peaches and increasingly autumn fruits, such as apples, pears and grapes (Boulahia-
Whiteflies invaded citrus orchards in Tunisia in the 90’s. Two species: Aleurothixus floccosus and Parabemisia myricae have been recorded successively infesting citrus and causing severe damage in Cap-Bon (North-East of Tunisia). These pests were first controlled by several insecticidal applications but with a relative efficiency. Then two biological control programs have been deployed completing the action of native natural enemies especially for P. myricae. The result was a very satisfactory control of both whitefly species, to a point that they almost disappeared from orchards for about 30 years. In 2017, a third whitefly species, identified as Dialeurodes citri, was observed during a prospection in citrus orchards in Takelsa region (Cap-Bon). It was a common species in Algeria, but never caused damage in Tunisia. In 2020, D. citri was found again with very high population densities in the regions of Menzel Bou Zelfa (Cap-Bon) and Tunis. These observations confirmed its change of status and spread in Tunisia. The main morphological and biological traits to distinguish between D. citri and the other two whitefly species, already recorded in Tunisia, were described and first observations on its infestation were reported. Some recommendations to manage this new pest are given.
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