The Whitefly Dialeurodes citri: A New Pest on Citrus in Tunisia?

Abstract

Whiteflies invaded citrus orchards in Tunisia in the 90’s. Two species: Aleurothixus floccosus and Parabemisia myricae have been recorded successively infesting citrus and causing severe damage in Cap-Bon (North-East of Tunisia). These pests were first controlled by several insecticidal applications but with a relative efficiency. Then two biological control programs have been deployed completing the action of native natural enemies especially for P. myricae. The result was a very satisfactory control of both whitefly species, to a point that they almost disappeared from orchards for about 30 years. In 2017, a third whitefly species, identified as Dialeurodes citri, was observed during a prospection in citrus orchards in Takelsa region (Cap-Bon). It was a common species in Algeria, but never caused damage in Tunisia. In 2020, D. citri was found again with very high population densities in the regions of Menzel Bou Zelfa (Cap-Bon) and Tunis. These observations confirmed its change of status and spread in Tunisia. The main morphological and biological traits to distinguish between D. citri and the other two whitefly species, already recorded in Tunisia, were described and first observations on its infestation were reported. Some recommendations to manage this new pest are given.

Preučevanje nihanja napada agrumovega ščitkarja (<i>Dialeurodes citri</i> [Ashmead, 1885]) in njegovih plenilcev v ekološki pridelavi pri različnih podnebnih razmerah: vzorčna raziskava iz severozahodne Alžirije

“…Algeria, for example, is the fifth largest citrus producer in Africa with more than 1.478.053 tons generated from 71.470 ha (FAO, 2020). A major problem is that citrus products around the world have been affected by numerous insect pests (Uygun & Satar,2008), such as the citrus whitefly Dialeurodes citri (Wang et al, 2021, Butter & Dhawan, 2021, which can cause high yield losses due to sucking of plant sap by nymphs (Zhang & Li, 2012;Yuan et al, 2017;Boulahia-Kheder, 2021). Recently, Zhang et al (2019) reported that D. citri can be an effective vector for virus CYVCV to citrus.…”

“…Recently, Zhang et al (2019) reported that D. citri can be an effective vector for virus CYVCV to citrus. It is also one of the most important citrus pests in the Mediterranean region (Bellows & Meisenbacher, 2007;Martin et al, 2000;Boulahia-Kheder, 2021) including Algeria (Boukhalfa & Bonafonte, 1979).…”