Biodiesel from palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) is one of the promising renewable sources in Indonesia. Biodiesel is renewable transportation fuel and nowadays is being used as a blend with high-speed diesel (HSD). There are two types of HSD in fuel specification of The Indonesian Government, HSD with Cetane No. 48 and HSD with Cetane No. 51. This paper investigates the fuel properties of HSD 48 and HSD 51 blends with palm oil biodiesel with composition 90:10 (B10), 80:20 (B20), and 70:30 (B30). The experimental investigation shows that the fuel blending HSD 48 and HSD 51 with biodiesel up to 30% improve HSD quality, such as increasing cetane number by 10%, increasing lubricity by 10-18%, and decreasing sulfur content by 35%. Furthermore, biodiesel addition to HSD has a negative effect that increases the acid value and water content, decreasing heating value and cold-flow performance, such as cloud point, pour point, and cold filter plugging point. This can be improved by tightening up the quality of biodiesel. However, the addition of palm oil biodiesel up to 30% (B30) is the potential to promote renewable fuels with tolerable characteristics with HSD fuel specification by improving the quality and specification of biodiesel and blends.
Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy resources to produce from palm oil. Now, the Indonesian government has established a mandatory for biofuel use, especially biodiesel blend with high-speed diesel (B30). The future will increase the percentage of blended biodiesel up to 30%. This study aimed to compare performance of diesel engines used B30 and B40. The methodology started from blending fuel high-speed diesel CN 48 with two biodiesel samples of B30 and B40, and performed density test, distillation test, viscosity test, and test performance using diesel engine 2400CC on the dyno test bench. The result of this study showed that the power engine decreased by about 1% and torque decreased by about 1.4%, and emission opacity decreased 3.2%.
Determination of oxidation stability becomes a critical fundamental analysis to ensure biodiesel quality. The biodiesel’s degradation by oxidation may compromise fuel properties and engine durability due to forming products of fatty acid decomposition. In this present study, the oxidation stability of palm-oil biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel (cetane number 48) was determined using EN 15751 (Rancimat Method) and ASTM D 7545 (Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test, RSSOT Method). Here, the determination from either test was compared and analyzed using ANOVA and the mathematical function. Based on the result, diesel fuel has oxidation stability 11 times higher than palm-oil biodiesel, analyzed by the RSSOT method. Additionally, the correlation factor of oxidation stability of biodiesel samples in this work was 21.52 and for biodiesel blend (B20 to B90) it was 23.66 that was used as a conversion oxidation value between RSSOT and Rancimat method. The models presented a high correlation with the R2
values of 0.9535 for biodiesel samples and 0.9823 for biodiesel blend (B20-B90) indicated the accuracy of the models to predict the value of oxidation stability of both the Rancimat and the RSSOT accelerated oxidation methods.
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