Introduction Preeclampsia is a medical condition characterized by hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy, with the symptoms generally manifesting in the 3 rd trimester. Hypertension brings hemodynamic changes; it is therefore expected that arterial blood flow velocity waveforms will be different in the uterine and ophthalmic arteries in preeclampsia. Vascular changes do occur in preeclampsia, which in turn induces hemodynamic changes. Aim To compare mean values of the resistive index of the ophthalmic and uterine arteries in patients with preeclampsia and normotensive individuals in Doppler US. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, ultrasound of the uterine and ophthalmic arteries was performed in 60 pregnant women in the 2 nd and 3 rd trimester of pregnancy to compare the resistive index of these arteries in preeclamptic and normotensive individuals. All the patients, i.e. 30 preeclamptic and 30 normotensive pregnant women, took part in this study voluntarily. The study was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) of the University of Lahore. Results The mean resistive index of the uterine artery was 0.50 ± 0.08 in normotensive participants and 0.64 ± 0.09 in preeclamptic women, with the p -value <0.001. The mean resistive index of the ophthalmic artery was 0.70 ± 0.05 in normotensive participants and 0.63 ± 0.04 in preeclamptic women, with the p -value <0.001. Conclusions There was a significant negative correlation between the resistive index of the uterine and ophthalmic arteries among the patients with preeclampsia and a significant positive correlation among normotensive individuals. Preeclampsia could be easily diagnosed with Doppler ultrasound based on hemodynamic changes in response to vascular changes in the ophthalmic and uterine arteries.

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Objective: Hypertensive and diabetic patients are at higher risk of developing ocular complications. Color and spectral Doppler, as a noninvasive technique, can be used to monitor and access the ophthalmic artery (OA) and its hemodynamic characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamics of OA in diabetes and hypertension. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Lahore sonography clinic. The patients were investigated using Toshiba Xario with 5 to 7.5 MHz linear transducer and the scanning was completed with closed eyelids. Those included in the study were hypertensive and diabetic patients. Exclusions were made based on a patient’s history of eye surgeries, trauma, inflammation, glaucoma, cataract, and pregnancy. Results: There were 200 patients recruited and of which, 41 were hypertensive and diabetic, whereas 159 were normal subjects. In this cohort, 41 patients (20%) were positive for hypertension and diabetes. There were 159 patients (79%) were negative for diabetes and hypertension. The resistive index (RI) of right OA was 0.783 ± 0.114 with 0.029. When considering the OA hemodynamics recorded, the pulsatility index (PI), the systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio, RI, and end diastolic velocity (EDV) were significantly correlated among those with hypertension and diabetes. In the normal subjects, all hemodynamic measurements were seen as normal, when compared to those with hypertension and diabetic. Conclusion: This cohort study may suggest that there is a pathological increase in vascular resistance, PI, S/D ratio, and decreased blood flow velocities, in ophthalmic artery, for those hypertensive and diabetic patients.

Infertility is a worldwide social, economic, and psychological problem. It can be caused by various factors including age, mental health, polycystic ovarian syndrome, ovarian failure, and defective endometrial receptivity. Endometrial receptivity is the preparation and thickening of the endometrium.

Diabetic and hypertensive patients are at increased risk of vascular complications. Carotid Doppler ultrasonography serves as a non-invasive gold standard technique/tool to access and monitor carotids hemodynamics and morphology. There is a need to predict difference in carotid artery hemodynamics among hypertensive and diabetic patients.Aim: Aim of this study is to find out the hemodynamics of carotid artery in diabetic and hypertensive patients. Method: Cross sectional study conducted at University Ultrasound Clinic Green Town. All patients were investigated with Toshiba Xario XG with 5-7.5MHz linear probe. Study included diabetic and hypertensive individuals, whereas patients with history of carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting and co-morbidity were excluded. Total 200 participants were recruited, 41 were diabetic and hypertensive, while 159 were normal subjects. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Results: From 200 participants were recruited, out of them 41 patients with 20.5% were positive with diabetes and hypertension and 159 patients with 79.5% were negative with diabetes and hypertension. Right common carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) mean ± S.D was 0.659±0.114mm with p-value (0.022). Left common carotid end diastolic velocity mean ± S.D was 16.719±6.303cm/s with p-value (0.002). Conclusion: The study highlighted that common carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and common carotid artery end diastolic velocity were significantly correlated with hypertension and diabetes. Our findings revealed that common carotid artery IMT and EDV were significant in hypertensive and diabetic patients. Indeed, hypertension and diabetes are mainly associated with vascular complications.