This paper highlights the need of energy production in Pakistan and to determine the extent to which China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its energy projects will contribute to the economic growth and development of Pakistan. In this regard, a fair amount of literature has been reviewed. The literature review presented confirms that a positive relationship exists between the energy production, security and economic development. The long term friendship of Pakistan and China is discussed and how this tie has benefitted both the countries. Chinese cooperation and assistance with Pakistan is well evident from the substantial Chinese investment in Pakistan's infrastructural expansion particularly development of Pakistan's deep-water port at Gwadar. Under its One Belt One Road plan, China and Pakistan have collaboratively started a multibillion mega project, China Pakistan Economic Corridor. Under CPEC twenty-one energy projects being established, that is supposed to reduce the energy poverty generation in Pakistan. The study finds out that the sufficiency in energy sector will boost economy by energizing the industry and businesses as well as by creating thousands of direct and indirect employment opportunities.
This study is a part of our course work. In this study the operational efficiency of firms is checked against profitability. For the purpose of research oil and gas sector of Pakistan stock exchange is selected. Six years data from 2010-2015 is collected through financial reports of companies. Since efficiency can be measured through several financial ratios. In this article total asset turnover, fixed assets turnover, debtors turnover are used as explanatory variables and current ratio and quick ratio as control variables. The profitability of firms is measured through return on equity. Ordinary least square, correlation matrix and descriptive statistics are used to describe the findings of the study and features of the data. The results of the study show that the total assets turnover, debtors turnover and quick ratio have strong negative impacts on the profitability measured by ROE, of firms. The current ratio and fixed asset turnover have positive impacts on the return on equity. The results of the study support the hypothesis that efficiency as measured by (total assets turnover, debtors' turnover, quick ratio current ratio and fixed asset turnover) has impacts on the profitability of firms. Keywords:Total assets turnover Fixed asset turnover Debtors turnover Current ratio Return on equity.
PurposeUnsustainable spending patterns of consumers directly contribute to 30–40% of environmental degradation, mainly in waste. Packaging is a vital part of responding to the main challenges of sustainable food consumption on the global stage. This study aims to investigate how environmental concern and trust in sustainable producers impact the sustainable consumption behaviors of consumers via the mediation of consumer xenocentrism and the moderation of eco-label and country of origin (COO) of buying sustainable packaged foreign food brands.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a quantitative method. The authors used Smart PLS 3.0 structural equation modeling (SEM) technique for data analysis. Data from the participants were collected through the convenience sampling technique. A total of 343 valid responses were received.FindingsThe results indicate that xenocentrism is an emerging behavior among Pakistani consumers. The authors found that a high degree of environmental concern and trust in sustainable producers are the antecedents of consumer xenocentrism, which leads to sustainable consumption behavior.Research limitations/implicationsThis research highlights the importance of customers’ xenocentric attitudes that lead to sustainable consumption behavior. The research findings provide vital information for researchers, policymakers, academics, practitioners, industry professionals, brand managers and top management, especially in designing the environmental sustainability framework. Although the findings support theory of planned behavior (TPB), future studies can contrast different theories’ contributions to sustainable consumption behavior improvement. Also future researchers may analyze the impact of culture on the association between sustainable consumption and consumer attitudes toward environmental concerns and trust in sustainable producers.Originality/valueThis research contributes to practice and theory, as consumer xenocentrism is a relatively unexplored area of research in developing countries. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to examine consumers’ xenocentric attitudes to sustainable consumption empirically.
The paper explores the impact of shocks in oil prices on the stock market for the oil importing and exporting nations. As Pakistan is heavily dependent on imports of oil therefore, we focus on Pakistan as an oil importing nation and have taken Iran, as an oil exporting nation because, it is considered to be among top ten nations of the world that exports oil. Various studies in Pakistan have investigates the relationship between shocks in prices of oil and return on the stock but none of the study has examined the association between shocks in oil prices and return on the stock market by comparing Pakistan and Iran as an oil importer and exporter nations of the world. This study has employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. We have taken prices of oil as an independent variable, whereas, stock price has been taken as a dependent variable. On the other hand, rate of exchange and rate of interest are the other independent variables. The results of this study and bound test reveals a long run association between prices of oil and the stock return for both nations. It has been indicated in the results that high oil prices have an adverse impact on market of stock for an oil importing nation (i.e., Pakistan) and have positively impacted on Iran which is an oil exporter nation. The results confirm that oil price shock contributed towards positively affecting the market of stock of an oil exporter nation but negatively affected the stock market if an oil importing nation. The author recommended the investors of both nations to evaluate various alternatives to diversify portfolios of their stock market by utilizing other financial assets.
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