We report a microfluidic paper based analytical device implementing ion concentration polarization (ICP) for rapid pre-concentration of Escherichia coli in water. The fabricated device consists of a paper channel with a Nafion ® membrane and in-built micro wire electrodes to supply electric voltage to induce the ICP effect. E. coli cells were stained with SYTO 9 and fluorescence was used as a sensing method. The device achieved high concentration factor up to 2 × 10 5 within minutes. The effect of total ion concentration, on ICP and fluorescence intensity was studied. The reported device and method are suitable and effective for detection of E. coli during ballast water quality monitoring, coastal water quality monitoring where high salinity water is present.
This paper presents an electroporation device with high bacterial inactivation performance (~4.75 log removal). Inside the device, insulating silica microbeads are densely packed between two mesh electrodes that enable enhancement of the local electric field strength, allowing improved electroporation of bacterial cells. The inactivation performance of the device is evaluated using two model bacteria, including one Gram-positive bacterium (Enterococcus faecalis) and one Gram-negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) under various applied voltages. More than 4.5 log removal of bacteria is obtained for the applied electric field strength of 2 kV/cm at a flowrate of 4 mL/min. The effect of microbeads on the inactivation performance is assessed by comparing the performance of the microbead device with that of the device having no microbeads under same operating conditions. The comparison results show that only 0.57 log removal is achieved for the device having no microbeads—eightfold lower than for the device with microbeads.
A novel combination of Borassus Flabellifer Petiole Fibre/Palmyra Palm Petiole Fibre (PP) and Borassus Flabellifer Leaf Stalk Fibre/Palmyra Palm Leaf Stalk Fibre fibres (LS) bonded by vinyl ester is considered as the natural fibre-reinforced hybrid composites. Three-layered composites with various stacking sequences at 30 wt.% fibre loading were studied. Tensile, impact, and hardness properties exhibit increasing trend for different stacking sequences. A maximum increase of 215.8% tensile strength and 310.5% impact strength was observed in the PPLSPP (90/0/90) specimen. The water absorption percentage showed a peak value of 18% and the hardness enhancement was around 75% for the LSPPLS (90/0/90) sample. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was performed and Scanning electron micrographs were performed to show the fibre–matrix bonding.
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