On February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine under the pretense of national security. The Russia-Ukraine war is likely bound to give birth to severe issues including economic implications for the parties involved, and for the world’s atomic states. The imposition of serious sanctions on a petro-state such as Russia will have long lasting terminal effects, one of which could be the surge in global oil prices. The economic impact of Putin’s war on Ukraine is largely political when it comes to Russia. The economic sanctions imposed on Russia by Western politicians will determine the disruptions in the supply of Brent crude oil and other exports by Russia. While as far as Ukraine is concerned, the extent of the damage caused by the Russian strikes on its infrastructure and agricultural land, will determine the disruptions in the supply of wheat, sunflower oil, and other exports. The research paper is aimed to discuss consequences of Russia-Ukraine crisis generally on South Asia and specifically on Pakistan.
Antrhopogenic activities are responsible for exponential increase in temperature in recent dacades. To examine this variation, data from 30 meteorological stations in Pakistan's largest cities were examined to determine the annual average and highest temperatures between 1981 and 2020. A combination of parametric and non-parametric tests, including Sen's slope estimator, the Mann-Kendall trend test, and linear regression, were utilized for the analysis. NASA Power Data Access Viewer provides historical climatic datasets which are reliable and provide promising results. We extracted historical footprints of climatic data from NASA website and mapped the trends. About 90% of the meterological stations had rising annual temperature trends, whereas 10% had declining trends. The average annual temperature increased by 0.49 °C per decade in Gilgit, Hyderabad, Quetta, and Lasbela, which was the largest rate of change. Chitral, Gilgit, Nawabshah, and Quetta experienced the biggest increase in annual temperature that was 0.34 °C per decade. Various indicators e.g., simple linear regression and the Mann-Kendall test, respectively, revealed that the yearly average temperature was rising at a 0.001 % (at the 0.06 level). Annual temperatures were increasing at 27 stations and 23 stations were experiencing 0.002 level of significance (at the 0.06 level). Overall, the findings indicated that all climatic parameters were increasing, but during the study period, the annual average temperature was increasing more quickly than the annual maximum temperature.
The paper evaluates the priorities of the US and China with regards to economic, geopolitical, military technology, and alliance formation. In the economic aspect, we will study China's BRI policy and USA's B3W counter project. The goal of both states in this regard is to dominate the international market. Both the countries are investing in Hyper Sonic technology to gain an upper hand in the Military expanse. The formation of alliances is another clever tactic in the name of establishing mutual security. China's relationship with the US arch-enemy Russia and the Chabahar Port and CPEC projects with Iran and Pakistan respectively appear to be an alarming situation for the US. To counter China's increasing advancement, the US formed QUAD and AUKUS with India, Japan, Australia, and the UK, along with the Reciprocal Access Agreement to limit the escalating approach of China. The blame game between the US and China regarding the COVID-19 pandemic also sparked many controversies. The increased threat perceptions and more crucial political elements between the two powers are dynamics of global hegemony. Analytical and Descriptive methods of research are applied in the paper.
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