This study examines the non-monotonic (U-shaped, inverted U-shaped or curvilinear) relationship between the corporate governance (CG) and bank performance of commercial banks operating across four countries whose CG framework is based on the OECD principals of CG. Using a dataset of 4230 bank-years observation from 2012–2021, the study shows that governance–performance relations may be non-monotonic but not U-shaped using a two-line approach and the Robin Hood algorithm. In addition, this study, using feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), empirically shows that the interaction effect of CEO duality on governance–performance relations in financial institutions is curvilinear and significantly moderates and reverses these impacts. The findings reveal that, in financial institutions with CEO duality, there is a far more modest association between CG and performance, which has an inverted-U shape and is curvilinear. The findings are consistent with arguments advanced by resource dependence and stewardship theory that, although duality might increase bank performance through joint leadership, it can benefit the bank in the presence of unity of command.
Product characteristics play a very crucial role on the performance of firm. The present study focuses to gauge the influence of characteristics of product on firm performance using multiple regression. In the present study the researchers have used 256 deep personal interviews with the manufacturer of leather product in Kanpur. The constructs for product characteristics in the present studywere Strength of patent,degree of training sales force needs to handle product if any, the magnitude to which product is established with the firm in years,amount of the uniqueness of product (features, design, packaging etc.),amount of the cultural specificity of the product and Products service/maintenance requirements if any. Although out of these six variables only two variables are found to have significant impact on firm performance in the present studyi.e.amount of the uniqueness of product (features, design, packaging etc.), and amount of the cultural specificity of the product and other four variables are found to be insignificant.
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