Introduction A significant increase in patients with end-stage renal disease has been observed currently in our community. Kidney transplantation is the most promising cure but the problem is that large numbers of people are not good candidates for transplantation. Hemodialysis is the next appropriate medication for such patients and for patients with end-stage renal disease, who have no chance for transplantation. Morbidity and mortality are the consequences of vascular access complications. Local data related to the complication rate of permanent hemodialysis catheters is not available. The current study examines the complication rate in people due to permanent intrajugular hemodialysis catheterization. Materials and methods The study has been conducted in Dr Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi. The dataset consists of 212 patients who had gone through jugular catheterizations for hemodialysis at this hospital from the year 2014 to the year 2015. A descriptive method has been chosen for obtaining appropriate results. Complications have also been categorized as early or late. Results Complications have been detected in around 24% of the patients from the dataset. Among these complications, infection has the highest percentage (around 13%) while 4% percent of patients have a failed puncture. The others have venous thrombosis, catheter thrombosis, hematoma, wrong canulation, and hemothorax and pneumothorax problems. Conclusion The study concludes that the placement of a permanent hemodialysis catheter in the internal jugular vein has a low complication rate. In addition, the method is safe and easy. So, it can be said that the internal jugular vein is a reliable and preferred route for hemodialysis catheterization.

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a threatening condition, and it is far more common than previously assumed, especially after the COVID pandemic. Its outcome is not good; if detected late, and can lead to right ventricular failure, which can be fatal. Our goal was to evaluate CT signs of PH, correlate them with echocardiography, and identify the cut-off values of these signs in our population.Method: In this study, 160 patients having both CT and echocardiography with a maximum gap of one month were assessed from June to November 2021. The association between CT signs and echocardiography to diagnose PH was investigated. The Pearson and Spearman correlation and area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) tests were performed in the analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was also used to assess CT's diagnostic capability and cut-off values.Result: The correlation between main pulmonary artery (MPA) diameter and main pulmonary artery to aorta ratio (MPA/AO) with mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.316 and r = 0.321, p<0.001). However, there was a very weak correlation between the right and left pulmonary artery and mPAP with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.155 and 0.138, respectively. For the first time in our population, we measured the cut-off values of MPA and MPA/AO ratios for PH which were 26 and 0.88 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The CT signs of PH correlate with echocardiography; however, should not be used solely; the cut-off values should be used according to race and population.

IntroductionHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary hepatic cancer. Its early diagnosis can aid in its treatment by curative means such as surgery or ablation. Advanced-stage diagnosis limits these treatment options, and such cases can be treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) and drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) are usually used, and follow-up response is evaluated using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) criteria. This study was done to compare the treatment response of cTACE and DEB-TACE in patients with HCC.

To determine the frequency of anatomical variations in lung fissures using computed tomography (CT) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Radiology and Imaging Services at Memon Medical Institute Hospital, Karachi, between November 2021 to April 2022. Patients aged between 15 to 92 years with a completed high-resolution CT scan chest were included. Subjects with no significant structural lung disease that could alter the anatomy were analyzed. Baseline data was gathered using a pre-designed questionnaire, and two qualified radiologists assessed the CT chest images. ResultsA total of 382 subjects participated in this study, out of which 57.1% were males whilst 42.9% were females. The right horizontal fissure was absent in 10 (2.6%) cases. Accessory fissures were seen in 7.33%. The most common fissural variation was azygos fissure (14; 3.7%), followed by superior accessory fissure (six; 1.6%), inferior accessory fissures (four; 1%), and left horizontal fissure (four; 1%). These variations were more common in males. The significant difference was only seen in the superior accessory fissures with respect to gender (P-value<0.05). ConclusionThis study showed the presence of accessory fissures in 7.33% of patients, the most common being the azygos fissure, irrespective of gender. The absence of normal right horizontal fissures was observed in 2.6% of cases.