Mastitis in goats, analogous to dairy cattle, is one of the most significant diseases of economic importance, worldwide. For the proposed study 25 Beetal Faisalabadi goat farms comprising 10-20 goats in radius of 25 km was included. Sampling was done during two kidding season first in September-October and second in FebruaryMarch. The epidemiological data, including goat breed, age, parity, stage of lactation, amount of milk, length of lactation period, and farming system were recorded. These selected herds were screened out by SFMT and positive milk samples were aseptically collected. Samples from infected goats were subjected to microbiological assays. On the basis of results of sampling, screening and microbiological analysis of milk samples it was revealed that mastitis is more in summer season as compared to winter season. In winter the occurrence of mastitis in beetal Faisalabadi was 21.68% and in summer it was 25.70%. Bacteriological examination of mastitic milk samples revealed that Staphylococcus species was the major etiological agent of caprine mastitis in Beetal Faisalabadi goats during both season. Statistical results of the study has showed that age, teat length, teat end, teat symmetry, distance between teat length and floor, stage of lactation and udder shape has significant effect on caprine mastitis (p<0.05). Parameters like season, udder washing, condition of floor, farm hygiene, milk practices and housing has no significant effect on mastitis (p>0.05).
We evaluated the growth performance and the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of curcumin against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-induced liver injury in common carp Cyprinus carpio. A 10-week feeding trial was carried out. A basal feed was supplemented with 0 (control), 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg curcumin to formulate five experimental feeds. At the end of the feeding trial, the growth performance was determined. Subsequently, CCl 4 was used for the model experiment. The plasma and liver were collected for the test after 72 h. Results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain rate (WG) and a special growth rate (SGR) of fish fed feeds supplemented with 60 and 120 mg curcumin kg-1. When fish were induced by CCl 4 after 72 h, fish fed the diet supplemented with 120 mg (P5) curcumin kg-1 had significantly (P<0.05) lower plasma GOT, GPT activities and MDA content and higher plasma TP content and activities of liver SOD, GSH, GSH-Px and plasma T-AOC than those of P1 group. Curcumin (120 mg kg-1 curcumin per feed) inhibited the damage of liver tissue structure caused by carbon tetrachloride and made liver tissue structure return to normal. Meanwhile, dietary curcumin supplementation could also increase the live Nrf2 mRNA level and Nrf2 protein level in the liver nucleus, and those of the P5 group were highest. Overall, the results indicated that appropriate dietary curcumin supplementation could enhance the growth (especially 60 and 120 mg kg-1 curcumin per feed) of common carp and effectively protect the liver against CCl 4 induced injury (especially 120 mg kg-1 curcumin per feed) in fish.
Current study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence rate of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) parasites of cats in Faisalabad and check the comparative efficacy of Ivermectin and Albendazole. A total of 384 fecal samples of cats were collected randomly from different government and private clinics of district Faislabad. Ivermectin and Albendazole were used for the treatment against the GIT parasites. After clinical examination, 70 positive cats with GIT parasites were grouped as follows: group A (n=30) which was treated with graded doses of ivermectin (merial), similarly group B (n=30) treated with graded doses of albendazole (zental) and group C (n=10) kept as a control. Fecal samples were processed in postgraduate laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Quantitative fecal examination was performed to observe the egg per gram of feces before and after treatment. The percentage of infection was found higher in female cats 33.33% than male 24.44%. The prevalence in adults and kittens was recorded as 24.10% and 42.45% respectively. T. cati was found more prevalent with the infection rate of 7.03% followed by T. leonina, A. duodenalis, A. abstrus, T.Taeniaformimus, D. caninum, A. tubaeforme and T. gondii with the infection rate of 5.4, 4.1, 3.7, 2.6, 2.3, 2.3 and 1.8% respectively. Comparatively ivermectin showed more significant results against GIT parasites of cats than albendazole.
Babesia gradually attains resistance against the allopathic medicines due to their frequent use. To overcome the resistance, herbal therapy is getting more attention. The current study was planned to monitor the efficacy of Peganum harmala against babesiosis in cattle. The blood was collected from ear vein of cattle having high infestation of ticks. A thin blood smear was prepared and stained. Through survey 74 animals were found positive for tick-borne pathogens with an overall prevalence of 19.27%. Babesia sp. was the most prevalent (9.38%; 36/384) haemoparasite, followed in order by Theileria sp. (5.20%, 20/384) and Anaplasma sp. (4.69%, 18/384). All blood samples were subjected to PCR and it was found that 40/384 (10.41%) blood samples were harbouring Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. From positive animals for Babesia 30 cattles were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each viz A, B and C, all groups were tested with the water extract of P. harmala @ 7.5 mg kg-1, 10 mg kg-1 and 12.5 mg kg-1 body weight by intramuscular route, at interval of 12, 24 and 36 h. Ten healthy animals were selected as control in group D. Three animals with moderate infection, 8-9 animals of group A, B and C were recovered, during 48 h after treatment. Two animals each from A, B and one from group C were not cured and died. Five animals from group A were not cured till 36 h of the treatment. Group D of healthy untreated animals were well as they were. Results showed that there was a significant increase in WBCs, including increase in leukocytes and neutrophils in animals infected, whereas number of RBCs and HB decreases. This study concluded that infected cattle treated with water extract of P. harmala 12.5 mg kg-1, recovered early (P<0.01) compared to that of 7.5 and 10 mg kg-1.
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