The prevalence of snail-borne trematode (SBT) infections in farm animals on the offshore Saint (St.) Martin’s Island of Bangladesh were 68.9% for cattle, 76.7% for buffaloes, 56.3% for goats, respectively. Examination of fecal samples showed that paramphistomes infection was the most common at 50.5% followed by schistosomes at 23.7% and Fasciola at 2.3%. Fasciola infection was found in cattle (1.9%) and buffaloes (16.7%) but not in goats. Schistosome infection in cattle, buffaloes and goats were 31.1, 6.7 and 17.5%, respectively. Prevalence of SBTs was higher in older animals. Thiara tuberculata (Melanoides tuberculata) were found to serve as vector for paramphistomes and Indoplanorbis exustus for schistosomes and paramphistomes, respectively. Our results suggest that SBT and their vector snails are highly endemic on St. Martin’s Island of Bangladesh, and proper attention is needed to control these infections.

Fascioliasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by two trematode species, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The characterisation and differentiation of Fasciola populations is crucial to control the disease, given the different transmission, epidemiology and pathology characteristics of the two species. Lineal biometric features of adult liver flukes infecting livestock have been studied to characterise and discriminate fasciolids from Bangladesh. An accurate analysis was conducted to phenotypically discriminate between fasciolids from naturally infected bovines (cattle, buffaloes) throughout the country. Morphometric analyses were made with a computer image analysis system (CIAS) applied on the basis of standardised measurements and the logistic model of the body growth and development of fasciolids in the different host groups. Since it is the first ever comprehensive study of this kind undertaken in Bangladesh, the results are compared to pure fasciolid populations of F. hepatica from the European Mediterranean area and F. gigantica from Burkina Faso, geographical areas where both species do not co-exist. Principal component analysis showed that the biometric characteristics of fasciolids from Bangladesh are situated between F. hepatica and F. gigantica standard populations, indicating the presence of phenotypes of intermediate forms in Bangladesh. These results are analysed by considering the present emergence of animal fascioliasis, the local lymnaeid fauna, the impact of climate change, and the risk of human infection in the country.

No abstract

Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors' influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate aspergillosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases. Among them 13 animals were suffering from Aspergillosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions along with fungal spores and characteristic radiating club on histopathology; dichotomously branching septate hyphae and mycelial conidiophore on special staining were revealed Aspergillosis in 13 animals of nine species that includes four rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), two samber deer (Cervus unicolor) and one of each species were nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), horse (Equus caballus), stripped hyena (Hyena hyena), gayal (Bos frontalis), beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa), water buck (Kobus L. leche) and greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). Present study provides evidence of existing Aspergillosis and similar long standing zoonotic diseases in majority of rest of the animals with health risk that shades health safety standard at Dhaka Zoo.

A total of 32 mortality cases of captive animals at the Dhaka Zoo due to various infections was detected and reconfirmed at two reference laboratories in Bangladesh during the period February 2000 to February 2006. Among the 22 different animal species studied, highest incidence was observed with gaur (15.6%), followed by spotted deer (12.5%), rhesus macaque (9.4%), common pea fowl (6.2%) and others (56.3%). A total 35 isolates belonging to six different genera was recovered from the diseased animals. Among the pathogens, Mycobacterium spp. was the most prevalent (27.8%), which was followed by Coccidioides immitis (19.4%), Escherichia coli (19.4%), Salmonella spp. (13.9%), Staphylococcus spp. (13.9%), and Aspergillus spp. (5.6%). Mycobacterium spp. and C. immitis showed the widest range of host susceptibility. Establishment of a standard microbiological laboratory at the Dhaka Zoo is necessary for early diagnosis of threatening infections among valuable captive animals in order to improve animal health as well as to reduce the morbidity rate. Keywords: Mortality, Animal pathogens, Confirmatory diagnosis, Tuberculosis, CoccidioidomycosisDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1263

Objectives: This study evaluates the incidence, Frequency and risk factors of complications in patients submitted to thyroidectomy for various benign and malignant lesion and to corroborate the results in relation to the extent of surgery in a Tertiary level hospital. Study design : An analytical study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent thyroidectomy for benign and malignant thyroid lesion. Material s and methods: The study was carried out at Department of ENT and Head-Neck surgery in Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a period of 1.5 years from January 2017 to June 2018. Data were collected from 100 patients who underwent thyroidectomies for various thyroid diseases at this center. Results: There were 80 females (80%) and 20 males (20%) with female-to-male ratio of 4:1, and The age range of the patients were 15 to 80 years, the mean age was 39.29 years. Preoperative diagnosis of benign and malignant pathologies was made in 86% and 14% cases respectively. Most common pathological diagnosis was colloid goiter 46%,nodular of cases, whereas papillary carcinoma accounting for 11% was the commonest malignant lesion .The types of thyroid operations done were as follows (Table-II). The commonest operation performed was hemithyroidectomy (45%). The overall postoperative complication rate was 17%.Temporary and permanent RLNI occurred in 3% and 2% respectively. The less common complications were wound hematoma, seroma formation, and superior laryngeal nerve injury. There was no mortality observed in this study. Conclusion: In conclusion, extent of resection, surgical technique and thyroid pathologic condition had a greater impact on the rates of postoperative complications. By developing understanding of the anatomy and the ways to prevent each complication, the surgeon can minimize each patient’s risk and can handle complications expediently and avoid worse consequence. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.2, October, 2018, Page 108-113

Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors’ influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate histoplasmosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo during 2007 - 2009. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases of mycotic and/or bacterial origin. Among them three animals were found suffering from histoplasmosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores on histopathology; macrophages laden with histoplasma organisms on histopathology and on special staining were revealed histoplasmosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Present study provides evidence of existing histoplasmosis and similar long standing zoonotic diseases in majority of rest of the animals with health risk that shades health safety standard at Dhaka Zoo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i2.19145Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (2):177-181

Background: To study the incidence, clinical presentation and to observe comparison of different sinonasal masses. Materials and Methods: This Prospective study was carried out from January 2017 to December 2018. Data were collected from 100 patients presented with sinonasal masses. This study is based on history, clinical, radiological, laboratory and histopathological examination. Results: During the study period, 100 patients presented with sinonasal masses (male 60, female 40; age group 8-70 years).Nasal polyploid masses were non-neoplastic in 70 (70%) subjects, and neoplastic in 30 (30%) cases. Nasal obstruction was the most common (95%) presenting complaint, followed by rhinorrhoea (48%), hyposmia (30%), intermittent epistaxis (17%), headache (15%), facial swelling (10%) and eye-related symptoms (10%). The most common site of origin of polyploid masses was the middle meatus (54%) followed by the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (15%) and superior meatus (11%). unilateral nasal masses was present in 49% patients, while the remaining patients had bilateral nasal masses. Allergic (60%) and inflammatory (28.5%) polyps were the most common non-neoplastic mass, inverted papilloma (41.17%) and haemangioma (35.29%) were most common benign neoplastic mass; 92.3% of all malignant masses were squamous cell carcinoma. Surgery was the major mode of treatment. it included Caldwell-luc operation (7%), polypectomy (10%), excision of mass (25.0%) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (44%). Malignancies were treated with radiotherapy or Surgery followed by radiotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy. Conclusions: The masses in nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx encompass a wide spectrum of common and rare diseases and are very common lesions encountered in clinical practice. Endoscopic examination and advanced imaging technique help to reach a presumptive diagnosis but histopathological examination remains the mainstay of final definitive diagnosis. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 28, No.1, April, 2019, Page 49-53