Longsor dapat dipicu oleh karateristik tanah yang terbentuk pada suatu wilayah yang dipengaruhi oleh ukuran fraksi tanah, terutama fraksi tanah yang berukuran lebih halus, yaitu fraksi tanah dari mineral liat. Stabililitas wilayah sub DAS Jeneberang pasca kejadian runtuhnya kaldera Gunung Bawakaraeng, menyebabkan gangguan berupa longsoran disekitar wilayah sub DAS lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ukuran butir dan mineral liat tanah pada kejadian longsor di sub DAS hulu Jeneberang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan mengidentifikasi ukuran butir menggunakan ayakan ASTM 48 dan mineral liat tanah menggunakan FTIR. Titik longsor (TL) ditentukan dari kejadian longsor yang terjadi dan titik pembanding (TPB) ditentukan dari topografi dan bahan induk yang sama dengan titik longsor. Topografi pada daerah penelitian berombak hingga sangat curam dengan rata-rata curah hujan delapan tahun terakhir 3484 mm/tahun. Hasil analisis Ukuran butiran pada semua titik longsor dan titik pembanding didominasi ukuran 0,5 mm dengan bentuk butiran subrounded pada TL1, TL3, TL5, TL6, TL7, TL8, TL 10, TPB3, TPB4 dan subangular pada TL2, TL4, TL9, TPB1, TPB2. Dari hasil analisis mineral liat bahwa mineral liat dominan pada TL1, TL2, TL3, TL10, TPB1, TPB2 adalah kaolinit. TL6, TL5 adalah haloisit. TL8, TL4 adalah montmorilonit. TL9, TL7, TPB3 adalah klorit dan TPB4 adalah nakrit. Longsor yng terjadi dipicu oleh mineral liat tersedia yaitu kaolinit, haloisit, montmorilonit, dan klorit, sementara ukuran butir tanah tidak memberikan banyak pengaruh pada kejadian longsor.Kata kunci: Sub DAS Jeneberang, Longsor, Ukuran Butir, Mineral Liat Tanah
Soil erosion by water is considered as one of the most significant forms of land degradation that affects sustained productivity of agricultural land use and water quality. It is influenced by a considerable number of factors (including climate, soil, topography, land use and types of land management), so that the information on the spatial distribution of soil erosion rate and its related effects can be effectively employed as a baseline data for land use development and water protection. The principal aim of this study is three-fold: (i) to map existing land use; (ii) to assess and map the spatial distribution of average annual rate of soil losses in the study area; (iii) to evaluate spatial matching between existing and proposed land use including a distance analysis from the water body (the Bili-Bili Dam). An analytical procedures used, respectively, include supervised classification of satellite imagery, application of RUSLE (Revised USLE), and overlay analysis in a raster GIS environment, utilising available information in the region covering some parts of Jeneberang catchment, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results suggest that the outputs of this study can be used for the identification of land units on a cell-basis with different land use types, rate of soil loss, inconsistency between proposed and planned land use, as well as the threat of land degradation to the main river and the dam. The analytical procedures developed in this research may be useful in other areas, particularly in the studies related to the assessment and mapping of land use and erosion for the importance of sustainable land use at a relatively large area.
Landslides are one of the geomorphological processes active in changing the shape of the earth’s surface. Landslides have an impact on life and the environment. This research will map the potential landslide-prone areas in The Kelara Sub-watershed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The method used in this research is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the spatial analysis method. The potential for landslide-prone areas in The Kelara Sub-watershed has three potentials or levels of landslide vulnerability, namely low (2939.28 ha) (32.72%), medium (3082.78 ha) (34.32%), and high (2961.55 ha) (32.96%). Parameters that influence landslides in the Kelara Sub-watershed are slope parameters with a weight of 0.30 or a score of 30%.
The hydrological process that occurs in a watershed is related to erosion process, sediment transport and downstream deposition. Land use changes and watershed management practices will also affect erosion and sedimentation. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of flowrate, suspended load concentration (suspended load), and floating sediment discharge and correlation of floated sediment discharge and flowrate at the Data’ River. Measuring river characteristics is done by measuring river water flow and river slope. Sediment collection floated with EWI (equal with incerentment) method. Laboratory analysis was carried out by calculating the amount of flow discharge, sediment concentration, and sediment discharge. The results showed the lowest amount of flow discharge occurred on 17/12/2016 with a value of 0.271 m3/s with a floating sediment concentration of 17.167 mg / L, and the sediment discharge floated at 0.402 tons/day. The correlation between flow discharge and floating sediment discharge using a sccatter diagram shows that the determination value R2 is 0.9754 with the equation y = 0.1x + 0.4355.
The consumption of water grows continuously along with the increasing the amount of population. The watershed as a reservoir is being the main hope for maintaining the availability of water sources. Estimating the potential of water availability can be done by using the Thornthwaite-Mather water balance method. This study was conducted to determine the potential of water availability in the Maros watershed. The Thornthwaite-Mather method uses a surplus and deficit approach through water balance equation. Potential evapotranspiration (Etp) was calculated using daily temperature average data while we assumed that the actual evapotranspiration (Eta) value is equal to ETp value if wet month, and in dry month equal to rainfall minus ?ST. The water storage to the ground (?ST) was computed from the value of water holding capacity (WHC) based on land area, vegetation type and soil type. The results of the analysis show that the average rainfall in the last five years (2014-2018) is 3005.7 mm year−1, while ETp, ETa, and ?ST are 1834.3 mm year−1, 1480.1 mm year−1 and 360 mm year−1, respectively. The water surplus in the Maros watershed reached 1678.1 mm year−1 with a deficit of 354.3 mm year−1.
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