This pilot study evaluated the potential effect of household environmental factors such as income, maternal characteristics, and indoor air pollution on children’s respiratory status in an Eastern Indonesian community. Household data were collected from cross-sectional (n = 461 participants) and preliminary childhood case-control surveys (pneumonia cases = 31 diagnosed within three months at a local health clinic; controls = 30). Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was measured in living rooms, kitchens, children’s bedrooms, and outside areas in close proximity once during the case-control household interviews (55 homes) and once per hour from 6 a.m. to midnight in 11 homes. The household survey showed that children were 1.98 times (p = 0.02) more likely to have coughing symptoms indicating respiratory infection, if mothers were not the primary caregivers. More children exhibited coughing if they were not exclusively breastfed (OR = 2.18; p = 0.06) or there was a possibility that their mothers were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy (OR = 2.05; p = 0.08). This study suggests that household incomes and mother’s education have an indirect effect on childhood pneumonia and respiratory illness. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 ranged from 0.5 to 35.7 µg/m3 and 7.7 to 575.7 µg/m3, respectively, based on grab samples. PM was significantly different between the case and control groups (p < 0.01). The study also suggests that ambient air may dilute indoor pollution, but also introduces pollution into the home from the community environment. Effective intervention programs need to be developed that consider multiple direct and indirect risk factors to protect children.
BACKGROUND: Manokwari port is a port that is the gateway (point of entry) in the area of Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province.
AIM: The purpose of this research was to determine the density of rats, types of rats, success traps, the density of ectoparasites, and types of ectoparasites.
METHODS: This is a descriptive observational research type to determine the picture of environmental sanitation such as the presence of waste, signs of the presence of rats, success traps, types of rats, and ectoparasites. The population was all rats and ectoparasites that were around the catch-location. Samples were mice and ectoparasites that were caught at research time.
RESULTS: The results of the study for 4 days of trapping with a total of 200 traps, the calculation of success traps per day in the trap multi live trap A obtained values ranging from 0 to 0.13 and in multi live traps B with salted fish baits ranging from 0.02 to 0.08. The results showed several types of mice, namely, Rattus tanezumi (52.17%), Rattus norvegicus (43.47%), ad Soricidae (4.34%). A total of 13 male rats (56.52%) 10 female rats (43.47%) were successfully captured during the study. The results showed that from 23 rats caught, 23 ectoparasites of fleas Xenopsylla cheopis, one tick, seven small louse, and six mites.
CONCLUSIONS: The rats most commonly found are R. tanezumi rats with male sex with ectoparasites which are found the most, namely, X. cheopis. Ectoparasites of this type are very dangerous for health, one of which can cause bubonic plague. Therefore, it recommended that the port authority can improve vector control in the port area.
Persoalan sampah dan Ber-PHBS di Takalar merupakan persoalan bersama. Tujuan intervensi agar pengetahuan anak sekolah dapat meningkat terkait pengelolaan sampah dan ber-PHBS. Hal ini untuk menyadarkan masyarakat dan anak sekolah khususnya di Sekolah dasar 82 Barangmamase Kecamatan Galesong Selatan Kabupaten Takalar bahwa permasalahan sampah harus segera ditangani karena akan berdampak negatif pada kesehatan. Metode pengabdian yang dilakukan yaitu penyuluhan dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi. Hasil analisis dilakukan dengan Mc. Neymar, di peroleh nilai p.value = 0,424 > 0,05 yang artinya H0 diterima, yang artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan sesudah dan sebelum penyuluhan diberikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa “Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara pengetahuan responden tentang Permasalahan Sampah dan PHBS sebelum penyuluhan (Pre Test) dengan pengetahuan responden sesudah penyuluhan (Post Test). Kesadaran murid SD sangat dinutuhkan dalam mengatasi hal tersebut.
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