Cassava starch filled linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films are made in order to make plastics which environmentally friendly. The use of compatibilizer ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride polymerized is needed to obtain a compatible mixture of starch which is hydrophilic and LLDPE which is hydrophobic. In this study LLDPE films obtained were tested for tensile strength and elongation before and after accelerated aging and density. Melt flow index (MFI) of the film was also measured to determine the rheological properties. Crystallinity has been done by an X-Ray diffraction. The results showed that the addition of thermoplastic starch tended to reduce the tensile strength, elongation, and MFI values but increase the density of LLDPE films. The aging process at a temperature of 70 °C ± 2 °C for 168 hours ± 2 hours tends to increase the tensile strength but decrease the extension of the break.
Global problems associated with conventional, non-biodegradable plastics have urged the society to use more ecofriendly biodegradable plastics. In this study, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was co-compounded with cassava-based thermoplastic starch (TPS) to prepare biodegradable plastics (i.e. plastics that can be degraded by microbes), in which three different LLDPE/TPS ratios were studied. Acetic acid was used to hydrolyze the polysaccharides by breaking the branched amylopectin that causes the TPS-containing composites brittle and stiff. The biodegradation properties of the LLDPE/TPS composites were determined by observing the level of microbial growth on the sample surface after incubation with potato dextrose agar medium that was inoculated with Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger. Burial test in a humid composting medium was also performed to validate the biodegradation properties. The mass change (%) was calculated in relative to the initial mass before burial test. The physical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of the bioplastics were determined using universal testing machine before and after burial treatment. The morphology of the sample surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the microbial growth increases with increasing TPS content. Negative mass changes were observed on all samples that contain TPS, with increase in the magnitude with increasing TPS content. The tensile strength tends to increase in the first 28 days of burial period in a composting medium then decreases and plateaus, while the elongation at break decreases with increasing burial period. Moreover, samples that contain acetic acid showed less microbial attachment and less biodegradation compared to samples that does not contain acetic acid.
Research has been done to study the effects of treated wetland water utilization in Sitimulyo on the making of pickled sheepskin. The treated wetland water on the making of pickled sheepskin was done by using three variable ratio of wetland water: water that is 100:0; 75:25; 50:50. Used as a comparison was control or without any additional water wetland. Skin that was used as much as 12 pieces of sheepskin divided into 4 groups and 3 pieces of leather for each treatment. Quality parameters observed include skin moisture content, salinity, pH, and organoleptic observation. From the results showed that the treated wetland water in Sitimulyo not meet the water requirements for tanning leather according to SNI 06-0649-1989 on water for vegetable leather tanning process. Pickle skin test results show that the chemical (moisture, salt and pH) and organoleptic not meet the requirements of SNI 06-3537-1994 on quality leather and test methods pickle sheep.Keywords: pickle leather, wetland water, sheepskin ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan air olahan wetland yang ada di Sitimulyo dalam pembuatan kulit pikel domba. Air olahan wetland dalam pembuatan kulit Pikel dilakukan dengan 3 variabel perbandingan air wetland:air bersih yaitu 100:0; 75:25; 50:50. Sebagai pembanding digunakan kontrol atau tanpa tambahan air wetland. Kulit yang digunakan sebanyak 12 lembar kulit domba dibagi dalam 4 kelompok dan 3 lembar kulit untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Parameter mutu kulit yang diamati meliputi kadar air, kadar garam, pH, serta pengamatan organoleptis. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air olahan wetland yang ada di Sitimulyo belum memenuhi persyaratan air untuk penyamakan kulit sesuai SNI 06-0649-1989 mengenai air untuk proses penyamakan kulit samak nabati. Hasil uji kulit pikel menunjukkan bahwa secara kimia (kadar air, garam dan pH) dan organoleptis tidak memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-3537-1994 mengenai mutu dan cara uji kulit pikel domba.Kata kunci: kulit pikel, air wetland, kulit domba PENDAHULUANProses penyamakan kulit adalah proses merubah kulit mentah (hide atau skin) yang bersifat labil menjadi kulit tersamak yang bersifat stabil. Proses tersebut dimaksudkan untuk mengubah sifat-sifat kulit mentah yang mudah mengalami kerusakan dan pembusukan menjadi kulit tersamak yang tahan terhadap aktifitas mikroorganisme dan pembusukan. (Purnomo, 2005). Dalam proses merubah kulit mentah menjadi kulit tersamak dilakukan dalam 3 tahapan utama yaitu proses pra penyamakan (beam house), proses penyamakan dan proses pasca penyamakan. Proses beam house adalah proses pengubahan kulit mentah sampai menjadi kulit Pikel.
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