The Great East Japan Earthquake and the ensuing tsunami and nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi displaced more than 340,000 people. Four years later, more than 70,000 people were still living in temporary housing. This article summarizes findings from a series of structured interviews with people from Hirono Town that were still living in temporary housing four and a half years after the triple catastrophe. The interviews sought to understand why people were still in temporary housing, rather than moving back to Hirono Town (as many had) or on to more permanent arrangements in other locations (as some had). Five key factors are identified that contributed to respondents' ongoing decision to stay in the temporary housing: (1) a new sense of community in the temporary housing; (2) convenience of shopping, medical care, and dental care, as well as (to a lesser degree) education and recreational opportunities; (3) a sense of injustice and inequality in the benefits they were receiving; (4) concerns about radioactive contamination; (5) a desire to receive compensation.

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Construction of the Koto Panjang Dam was initiated in response to the rapidly increasing demand for electricity in the central region of Sumatra, Indonesia. The process of resettling the villages affected by this construction lasted from 1991 to 2000. The economic factors related to this resettlement programme include monetary compensation, productive capacity, and appropriate distribution of income. Better-off villages (such as those where a rubber plantation was found) received a higher level of compensation and used this compensation to purchase productive assets. Increasing the level of a family's income generates better income distribution and a lower level of poverty, whereas decreasing it creates worse income distribution and a higher level of poverty. The presence of productive capacity is necessary to guarantee the success of an involuntary resettlement programme that attempts to improve the standard of living for displaced peoples.

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This article analyzed return migrants associated with the West Sumatra Large-Scale Earthquake on 30 September 2009. A survey of 400 households traced the number of return migrants. Any respondent migrated due to the earthquake belongs to return migrant. This study found the return migrants accounting for almost 37% because of the disaster. Both men and women migrated because of the earthquake, but more men migrated than women. Married couple migrated more than unmarried. Pekanbaru, the capital of Riau province, is the most famous destination for migration. The education level of return migrants is higher than the stayers. More than 88% are living from trade, public services, and fishing. Above 50% is living from trading alone. The return migrants shared a similar employment status with the stayers. Entrepreneurial status is more important for return migrants than for the stayers. Income distribution shows a different pattern between return migrants and the stayers. The return migrants have a more significant part of the maximum income group. The return migrants at the highest income group account for 27%, which is obviously greater than the stayers.

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The implementation of the RSPO [Roundtable on sustainable palm oil] has been implemented since 2012 in the United States market, but the Indian market has not. This study aims to describe and compare the export performance and export competitiveness of Indonesia’s CPO [crude palm oil] trade in both markets. Comparison is done descriptively and the analysis of compare means independent samples t-test and paired samples test. The description of export performance measured by trade flow [value and quantity] shows the trade value of Indonesia’s CPO trade in the Indian market of USD 70,885.52 thousand with an average of USD 388,000.06 thousand in the 1996-2017 period. Whereas in the USA market it was 8,536,001 thousand USD with an average of USD 388,000.06 thousand. Export competitiveness with the RCA index in the USA market is higher than the Indian market, amounting to 26.50% and 19.24%. The results of comparing means independent samples t-test against trade value and quantity have a significant difference between Indonesia’s CPO exports in the Indian market and the USA market. However, Indonesian’s CPO export competitiveness with the RCA index does not have a significant difference in the Indian and USA markets. The results of the compare mean paired samples test before the RSPO 2006-2011 period and after the RSPO 2012-2017 period, found that the trade value of Indonesia’s CPO exports before and after the RSPO was not significant. While the trade quantity and RCA of Indonesian CPO exports there are significant differences in the Indian and US markets.