This research was conducted because of the death case of two students due to ‘klitih’ acts happened at SMP Piri I Yogyakarta. The phenomenon of ‘klitih’ is interesting as it closely related to the problem of character education. For that, this research focus on the efforts of the headmaster and teachers at SMP Piri I Yogyakarta in building love of peace character in the school by examining the leadership type of the headmaster, teachers exemplary, and the efforts of character building initiated by the school. By using qualitative approach, the data was gathered using indepth interview, observation, and documentation. This research finds that: first, the headmaster’s leadership type is democratic paternalistic. Second, love of peace character was build though teacher exemplary behavior using discipline, and the implementation of 5 S concept, they are salam (regards), senyum (smile), sapa (greet), sopan (polite), and segan (humble). Third, students character building was conducted by using heart, honor, tolerance, empathy, and justice. Those character is build together by all school’s community with eclectic method.
<p>Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the important diseases of fruit crops that need to be controlled. This study was aimed to obtain the best formula of hydrolyzed nano chitosan and its potensial in controlling anthracnose. The hydrolyzed chitosan was prepared using chitinase enzyme extracted from Burkholderia cepacia isolate E76. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelation method by reacting hydrolyzed chitosan (0.2%) with Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) (0.1%) as cross-linking agent using 30&ndash;60 minutes stirring condition. The bioactivity of the nano chitosan formula was tested to C. gloeosporioides under in vitro and in vivo assays. The specific enzymatic activity of the purified chitinase was higher (0.19 U/mg) than that of crude enzyme (supernatant) with the purity increased by 3.8 times. Of the four formula tested, Formula A (hydrolyzed chitosan to STPP volume ratio of 5 : 1 with 60 minutes stirring condition) was found good in terms of physical characteristic of the particle. The formula nano chitosan particle had the spherical-like shape with an average particle size of 126.2+3.8 nm, polydispersity index (PI) of 0.4+0.02, and zeta potential (ZP) value of 27.8+0.2 mV. Nano chitosan had an inhibitory activity to C. gloeosporioides in vitro up to 85.7%. Moreover, it could inhibit 61.2% of C. gloeosporioides spores germination. It was shown that nano chitosan was also effective to reduce anthracnose disease severity in vivo when applied as a preventive measure on chili and papaya fruits. This study could be used as a reference for further fruit coating application using nano chitosan as a promising postharvest biocontrol agent to C. gloeosporioides.</p>
This study aims to analyze and map inclusive education for children who have special intelligence potential. And to find out whether the inclusive PAUD teacher has applied the concept of education that prioritizes the humanitarian side or not. This type of research is qualitative. Using an educational sociology approach. Data collection was obtained through literature analysis studies. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data display, data verification, and affirmation of conclusions. An important finding in this research is the existence of human values possessed by every educator, in positioning themselves as a facilitator for children with special needs. The conclusion in this study is that teachers in PAUD inclusion must have human values, which include: a) Awareness that all children are born the same, b) Educate professionally, c) Look at children with special needs that are special, d) Educate because they care, e ) Educate with love, f) Educate through example.
The use of chitosan as a coating agent of harvested fruits is an alternative method in controlling anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum sp.). This study aimed to obtain an optimal enzymatic chitosan (EC) that hydrolyzed using chitinase from Burkholderia cepacia isolate E76. The optimal incubation condition to produce EC was 2 h with the yield of 3.52 ± 0.38 g. The degree of deacetylation (DD) chitosan and EC was 66.91% and 80.91%, respectively. Based on in vitro assays, EC 2% was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum sp. (94.22%) than chitosan, while the highest inhibition for chitosan 3% was 55.26%. Moreover, the EC 2% showed the highest inhibition of spore germination (74.12%). The in vivo assay revealed that EC 2% showed the highest inhibition on the fungal growth (88.88%), compared to the other concentrations. On the other hand, the EC 2% and 3% gave similar results on inhibition of Colletotrichum sp.of chili (55.55%).
Crescentia cujete L. (C. cujete) has been known as a medicine for various diseases that caused by microorganisms. This research was aimed to identify the phytochemical compounds and to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from stem bark and leaves of C. cujete. The phytochemical compounds in both extracts were identified by Harborne method, while antibacterial activity assay was performed by disc diffusion method with the concentration of bacteria 106 cfu/mL. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) were used in antibacterial assay. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was obtained by using contact method. The phytochemical compounds analysis showed that ethanol extracts of C. cujete stem bark and leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The results of antibacterial activity test showed that both extracts have antibacterial activity with the highest inhibition showed by extracts with concentration of 100 %(w/v). The decreased percentage in the number of bacterial colonies on the extracts was less than 90 % so that the MIC value of both extracts against S. aureus could not be determined.
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