Since the beginning of the 2010s major car manufacturers progressively started to invest in Autonomous Vehicles(AV). Notable examples are Tesla, Ford, and Toyota. Small startups and tech giants like Google and Yandex are now also entering the competition to propose new solutions. Most of them have already developed their prototypes of driverless vehicles that you can normally observe in the streets of New-York, USA, or Innopolis, Russia. Despite the significant hype on this technology, current solutions are not always optimal and multiple challenges are left open in a domain such as security, data integrity, privacy, and communication. Blockchain is one of the most appealing technologies to be used in this domain since it provides solutions for some of these challenges. In this paper, we describe, categorize, and evaluate different solutions of the Autonomous Vehicles Industry that makes use of Blockchain. We use a software engineering approach to organize the existing work in multiple categories such as challenges addressed, quality attributes promoted. This work is intended to provide researchers in the field with a well-defined and structured categorization, plus insights into the existing literature.
The energy industry needs to shift to a new paradigm from its classical model of energy generation, distribution, and management. This shift is necessary to handle digitization, increased renewable energy generation, and to achieve goals of environmental sustainability. This shift has several challenges on its way and has been seen through research and development that blockchain which is one of the budding technology in this era could be suitable for addressing those challenges. This paper is aimed at the survey of all the research and development related to blockchain in the energy industry and uses a software engineering approach to categories all the existing work in several clusters such as challenges addressed, quality attribute promoted, the maturity level of the solutions, etc. This survey provides researchers in this field a well-defined categorization and insight into the existing work in this field from 3 different perspectives (challenges, quality attributes, maturity).
Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) have gained increasing attention of industry, governments and scientific communities concerned about issues related to classic transportation including accidents and casualties, gas emissions and air pollution, intensive traffic and city viability. One of the aspects, however, that prevent a broader adoption of this technology is the need for human interference to charge EAVs, which is still mostly manual and time-consuming. This study approaches such a problem by introducing the Inno-EAV, an open-source charging framework for EAVs that employs machine-to-machine (M2M) distributed communication. The idea behind M2M is to have networked devices that can interact, exchange information and perform actions without any manual assistance of humans. The advantages of the Inno-EAV include the automation of charging processes and the collection of relevant data that can support better decision making in the spheres of energy distribution. In this paper, we present the software design of the framework, the development process, the emphasis on the distributed architecture and the networked communication, and we discuss the back-end database that is used to store information about car owners, cars, and charging stations.
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