A Survey of Blockchain Solutions for Autonomous Vehicles Ecosystems

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 2010s major car manufacturers progressively started to invest in Autonomous Vehicles(AV). Notable examples are Tesla, Ford, and Toyota. Small startups and tech giants like Google and Yandex are now also entering the competition to propose new solutions. Most of them have already developed their prototypes of driverless vehicles that you can normally observe in the streets of New-York, USA, or Innopolis, Russia. Despite the significant hype on this technology, current solutions are not always optimal and multiple challenges are left open in a domain such as security, data integrity, privacy, and communication. Blockchain is one of the most appealing technologies to be used in this domain since it provides solutions for some of these challenges. In this paper, we describe, categorize, and evaluate different solutions of the Autonomous Vehicles Industry that makes use of Blockchain. We use a software engineering approach to organize the existing work in multiple categories such as challenges addressed, quality attributes promoted. This work is intended to provide researchers in the field with a well-defined and structured categorization, plus insights into the existing literature.

A Research on Blockchain Technology: Urban Intelligent Transportation Systems in Developing Countries

“…Intelligent transportation will be based on big data, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things to build an urban traffic management ecosystem with mobile connectivity, collaborative control & intelligent services, and comprehensively improve the traditional Intelligent Trans-portation Systems [92][93][94]. In the future, cities will present the key features of mobile awareness of global information, smart governance of traffic decision-making, and accurate customization of travel services, including training application blockchain AI is the driving force for entering the era of intelligent transportation and industry 4.0 [95].…”

Blockchain Technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

“…However, they did not focus on the challenges involved in Blockchain implementation; hence, potential directions to resolve such problems were not proposed. Megha et al [23] opted for a software engineering approach to categorize and assess the solutions to problems in the AV industry using Blockchain. The study focused on the "Applications of Blockchains in the IoVs" highlighted several aspects of Blockchain implementation in IoVs, and resolved the problems involved.…”

“…First, their extents are limited in terms of the number of reviewed research works. Iqbal et al [17] analyzed 14 studies, and Megha et al [23] and Queiroz et al [26] considered less than 22 studies. Moreover, the reviews did categorize the surveyed studies.…”

“…For example, Butt et al [13] only examined privacy issues related to SIoV environments; Dibaei et al [21] only focused on security issues and did not investigate in depth the challenges of implementing deep learning and Blockchain in vehicular networks. Some studies, such as [12], [15], [16], [22], [23], [27], did not consider the challenges or limitations of Blockchain. Finally, virtually all studies only focused on the application of Blockchain to IOVs.…”

The Development of a Simulation Model for Assessing the CI/CD Pipeline Quality in the Development of Information Systems Based on a Multi-Agent Approach

“…[3][4][5][6][7]. Various aspects of software development are devoted to the following studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”