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Aim: To evaluate the sealing ability of three different types of sealers using confocal laser microscopy. Materials and methods: Sixty extracted single-root premolars were selected and divided into three groups (20 teeth in each group) according to the type of sealer used, namely, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) Fillapex, AH Plus, and Bio C Sealer. Root canal preparation and obturation were done in all the samples. Roots was dissected transversely in apical plane. Percentage of gap from region to canal circumference was calculated using a confocal laser microscope. Samples were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: High dye penetration was seen with AH Plus compared to MTA Fillapex and least with Bio C Sealer. The AH Plus is the best sealer with respect to seal ability of all the three. Conclusion: This study helps to appraise the sealing ability of the different types of sealers using confocal laser microscopy which is useful for the success of root canal treatment. Clinical significance: As sealer has to seal voids, foramina, and canals, it should have good penetration for the success of root canal treatment.

Aims: The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the compressive, diametral tensile, and flexural strengths of three different commercial resin based core materials and to single out the best resin-based core build-up material with respect to their physical properties among ParaCore® (Coltene Whaledent, USA), FlouroCore® 2+ (Dentsply International, USA), MultiCore® (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) with Miracle Mix® (GC America) core used as control. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty samples were prepared, of which forty samples (10 of each material) were prepared in cylindrical stainless steel molds (height 6 mm, diameter 4 mm) for compressive strength measurements. Other forty samples (10 of each material) were prepared in cylindrical molds (diameter 6 mm, height 2 mm) for diametral tensile strength measurements. Forty samples (10 of each material) were prepared in stainless steel molds cuboidal in shape (length 25 mm, thickness 2 mm, and width 2 mm) for flexural strength measurements. The samples were tested on a Universal testing machine (Instron Machine 3366, made in the USA). Statistical Analysis Used: One-way analysis of variance was performed to determine any statistically significant differences ( P < 0.05) among the resin-based core build-up materials with respect to their three respective strengths. Further, the statistical comparison was made among the four materials using Student's t -test at a significance level of 5%. Results: Based on the results obtained it can be summarized that the ParaCore is the strongest material among all the four materials, followed by MultiCore, FlouroCore2+, and Miracle Mix. The Miracle mix is the weakest among all the materials owing to its inferior strength values. Conclusion: The results of the present study imply that, in consideration of their superior strength values, resin-based core build-up materials, ParaCore, MultiCore, and FlouroCore2+ should be a preferred for use as core build-up material over Miracle Mix in specific clinical situations, in the same order of preference.

Introduction: Root canal preparation is an important step of endodontic therapy. For successful endodontic therapy apical extrusion of debris through the apical foramen into the periradicular region should be minimal to avoid postoperative complication such as flare-ups. Aim: To evaluate in-vitro, extrusion of apical debris from the root canal using continuous rotary files (using multiple files system and single rotary file system), reciprocating file system and hand files. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro research was carried out in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MM college of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from November 2017 to January 2018. A total of 120 human mandibular premolar teeth that were caries free and single-rooted were split into four groups (each group with n=30) Group I: Hand ProTaper, Group II: Protaper Universal, Group III: F360 and Group IV: WaveOne Gold file system. The root canal was instrumented according to manufacturer’s Instructions; and standardised irrigation with distilled water was performed. The Myers and Montgomery’s Model was employed to gather irrigant and debris that had been apically ejected. The analysis of data obtained was done using Post-hoc Bonferroni test, Oneway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test. Results: The findings indicate that all instrumentation techniques produced significant amount of extruded debris and irrigant. The mean apical debris extrusion using the One-way ANOVA test showed significant difference (p-value<0.001). WaveOne Gold file group showed least (0.0005±0.0001 mg) and Hand ProTaper file showed maximum (0.0017±0.0002) apical debris and irrigant extrusion. Conclusion: Less apical extrusion of irrigant and debris was observed in the engine-driven nickel-titanium systems than manual technique. Reciprocating file system when compared with hand and continuous rotary file system showed less debris extrusion.

Aim: The aim and objective of this invitro study was to determine antimicrobial activity of root canal sealer (AH Plus, Sealapex, MTA Fillapex) against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Three different commercially available root canal sealers namely - AH-Plus (Dentsply), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, bioceramic sealer) and Sealapex sealer (Kerr) were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis )using agar diffusion method. Wells were formed in the agar plates by removing agar at equal distance and then, filled with the endodontic sealers- AH Plus, Sealapex and MTA Fillapex. Standard antibiotic disc of co-trimoxazole was kept as a control. Petri dishes were inoculated at 37 ℃ at a time interval of 24 and 48 hours. The diameter of growth of inhibition zone were measured by using Antibiotic zone scale (HIMEDIA). The difference between the groups were evaluated by one -way ANOVA and intergroup evaluation was done by Tukey’s post hic test. Result: AH-Plus sealer showed larger zone of inhibition as compared to sealapex and MTA Fillapex sealer against E.faecalis at 24 and 48 hours. Co- trimoxazole used as control exhibited the highest antimicrobial efficacy against E.faecalis at 24 and 48 hour. MTA Fillapex showed least antimicrobial action.