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Approximately 60% of all patients with epilepsy suffer from focal epilepsy syndromes. In approximately 15% of these patients, the seizures are not adequately controlled with anticonvulsive drugs, and such patients are potential candidates for surgical treatment and majority are children. Epilepsy surgery in children, who have been carefully chosen, can result in either seizure freedom or a marked (>90%) reduction in seizures in approximately two-third of children with intractable seizures. In the multimodality presurgical evaluation approach, sufficient concordance should be established among various independent investigations, thus identifying the location and extent of the epileptogenic zone with a high degree of confidence. Early surgery improves the quality of life and cognitive and developmental outcome of the child. Surgically remediable epilepsies in children should be identified early and include temporal lobe epilepsy with focal lesions, lesional extratemporal epilepsies, hemispherical epilepsies, and gelastic epilepsy with hypothalamic hamartoma, and can be treated by resective or disconnection surgery. Palliative procedures include corpus callosotomy and vagal nerve stimulation for children with diffuse and multifocal epilepsies, who are not candidates for resective surgery. Deep brain stimulation in patients with epilepsy is still under evaluation. For children with "surgically remedial epilepsy," surgery should be offered as a procedure of choice rather than as a treatment of last resort.

Because the governing mathematical equations for water distribution networks are nonlinear, many computerized methods of solution have been proposed as the "best" method of solving these equations. A comparison of some of the more popular methods indicates that little difference exists between the methods, although a slight overall edge is available with the Newton–Raphson technique. The exponential increase in computer model cost with increasing network size is demonstrated. The utility of network schematization models is documented, particularly as employed in design studies.

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later responded favorably with rituximab but after 6 months, developed right-sided focal motor seizures with lower limb onset which over a short period of time progressed to EPC. EEG revealed slowing in bilateral hemispheres with left hemispherical interictal epileptiform discharges and seizure onset from left-sided (central and midline) channels. MRI revealed T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal in left frontal parasagittal region corresponding to the leg region. She was again given rituximab with modest benefit. Conclusion: Rassmussen's encephalitis can be rarely bilateral. Management of such patients is difficult since surgical option is not feasible owing to bilaterality.