Ensuring the energy efficiency functioning of housing and communal services and increasing the energy efficiency of Ukraine's housing stock, which is one of the largest consumers of heat energy, requires the search for potential opportunities for managing energy efficiency of buildings. Integration into the world economy obliges Ukraine to adhere to international economic principles, one of which is the growth of energy efficiency.The article examines the experience of the world countries in the field of energy efficiency of buildings on the basis of sustainable building concept. The methodology of calculating the integral rating point of the regions of the country based on their energy saving potential is developed. It can be used to evaluate the potential of energy efficiency management of buildings in Ukraine. As a result of the calculations of the integrated estimation of the energy saving potential, an appropriate ranking and grouping of the regions of Ukraine has been carried out.Improvement of the organizational and technical potential of providing energy-efficient functioning of the housing and communal services of Ukraine and the introduction of effective mechanisms for its modernization on the basis of the sustainable building concept should ensure an increase in the efficiency of energy efficiency management of buildings.
The article uses methods of quantitative evaluation of economic risks that allow in conditions of uncertainty to provide an industrial enterprise with information on a less risky investment project for the adoption of a managerial decision. Several methods for assessing the risk of investing are used: the size of the dispersion, the value of the coefficient variation, the size of the semivariation, the size of the coefficient of semivariation, the value of the coefficient of asymmetry. Dispersion is a statistical term that describes the value range values expected for a particular variable. Dispersion is used in studying the variability of profits from a specific trading strategy or investment portfolio. This is often interpreted as a degree of uncertainty and, therefore, the risk associated with a certain portfolio of securities or investments. Semiivariation is an indicator of data that can be used to assess potential investment risks. Semivarianity is calculated by measuring the dispersion of all observations that fall below the middle or target data set. Neoclassical theory goes out for understanding that risks are just unfavorable scenarios for an investor company. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the unfavorable deviations. When the management subject is loyal to risk, then it is necessary to use the coefficient of semivariation, which can also be determined which of the projects. If the company wants to successfully investigate the project, it is important to identify situations where the probability and magnitude of a positive (or negative) result is much larger than the opposite result. Understanding asymmetric risk is crucial for making correct decisions. The ability to identify asymmetric risk helps to avoid potentially dangerous situations where there are not enough errors. It also allows you to use the opportunities for investments where there are several ways to win. The criterion of maximum asymmetry is the minimum risk criterion. The results of the quantitative assessment of economic risks enable to substantiate the economic efficiency of investment projects.
Ensuring the energy efficiency of Ukraine's housing sector are important elements in building an efficient economy and achieving sustainable development goals. These processes require significant funding, which is attracted through modern fi-nancial instruments. The aim of the article is to study the financial instruments for energy efficiency of the housing sector of Ukraine. The study used general scientific and specific methods, in particular: analysis and synthesis, theoretical generalization, comparative analysis, the method of scientific forecasting. Source base for financing measures to improve the energy efficiency of the housing sector of Ukraine is found out, in particular: bank loans, programs of international donor organizations; commodity loans from manufacturers of materials and equipment. Problems have been identified that hinder the financing of measures to improve the energy efficiency of residential buildings at the regional level, due to limited credit availability, lack of appropriate funding instruments and programs. Modern financial instruments for energy efficiency in the form of non-repayable financing, debt financing, partial financing or a combination of these options are analyzed. The world's leading experience in the use of innovative financial instruments has been studied. It was found that financial mechanisms and tools to ensure energy efficiency of the housing sector in the EU work through grants, soft loans, tax benefits, ESCOs, European structural funds. It is substantiated that the decisive role in solving energy efficiency issues in European countries is the state. It was found that the main traditional tool for ensuring energy efficiency in the housing sector of Ukraine is the provision of subsidies to households. It is substantiated that it is necessary to improve the mechanism of public funding in the energy efficiency of the housing sector, in particular the transition from subsidies to a more diverse portfolio of instruments. We believe that in Ukraine, in addition to traditional instruments for financing the energy efficiency of the residential sector, it is necessary to actively implement innovative ones: PACE (Property Assessment Clean Energy) program; On-bill finance; crowdfunding.
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