Background. Experts note the low level of physical fitness of female students. Fitness programs that balance the development of cardiorespiratory and strength fitness level are necessary in the physical education practice of students. The purpose of this study is to compare effectiveness of two exercise programs in terms of strength endurance and cardiorespiratory of female students in physical education. Material and Methods. Female students (n=36) practicing fitness–aerobics (G–1) and resistance training (G–2) participated in the research. All students participated in 52 training sessions. The students (G–1) practiced step aerobics with strength training combination. The students (G–2) practiced resistance training with Kangoo–Jumps fitness combination. The level of cardiorespiratory and strength fitness was studied using tests: VC, Stange test, Step test (PWC170), Running test, Push–Up test and others. Results. Students (G–1) had a reliable advantage in test results: VC, Stange test, Step test (PWC170), Running test, at the research beginning. Students (G–2) showed significantly better results in tests: Burpee test, Push–Up test and Stange test at the end of research. Reliable differences in tests: Plank test and Heart Rate in favor of female students (G–2) were revealed. The results of other functional tests did not differ significantly. Conclusions. The possible effectiveness of aerobic fitness training Kangoo–Jumps in resistance training of female students was discovered. A significant increase in the indicators of strength endurance and cardiorespiratory fitness of young women was revealed.
In our studies, the purpose of our research was to determine the level of dependence of the competitive results of Greco-Roman wrestlers with their ability to realize technique in the ground wrestling in different directions. Actually the participants of the research are the athletes (n = 160) with different sports qualifications from the beginners (B) to subelite (S) and elite athletes (High sports mastery (HSM)). Moreover, the athletes were divided into 2 groups: group of athletes with asymmetry (AG) (n=99)-the athletes conducting holds in the ground mainly in one direction and group of athletes with ambidexterity (AmG) (n=61)-the athletes conducting holds both the right and left sides. The study period is 2 years (2015-2016). By the way the competitive results of the athletes were assessed using the rating scale developed by the authors. On average, the number and quality of techniques of the ground wrestling was assessed by the method of competitive matches analyses. Besides the statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Besides, it was revealed that the elementary education athletes (B) performing ground wrestling holds predominantly in one direction so their competitive results are reliable higher (P<0,01). It should be noted that an approximate equality of the competitive results of the subelite athletes (S) is recorded in the group of athletes (AG) and group of athletes (AmG). The level of competitive results of the elite athletes (HSM) is significantly (P<0,01) higher than the wrestlers of the group of athletes (AmG). Indeed, the results show that the ability to conduct holds successfully in the ground in different directions does not have a significant effect on sports results of the athletes at the initial stage of preparation. Fortunately, this ability allows the elite wrestlers to increase the level of sports results significantly.
Here we studied influences of housing environment on functional state of the body after action of ulcerogenic stressor. The effects of ulcerogenic stressor on the gastric mucosa, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical (HPA) axis reactivity and glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus, behavior and somatic pain sensitivity were compared in rats kept in enriched environment, social isolation, and standard laboratory conditions (control group). The rats aged 30 days were divided into groups and placed in standard cages 6 rats per cage (control) or 1 rats per cage (isolation) or in enriched cages 6 rats per cage (enriched environment). One month later, all rats (after 24 h fasting) were stressed by cold restraint (10˚C) for 3 h. In 3 h one half of rats in each group were decapitated to examine the gastric mucosa. Another half of rats were subjected to behavior tests (open field and elevated plus maze) and somatic pain sensitivity test (hot plate) as well as the HPA axis reactivity testing by plasma corticosterone levels induced by mild procedural stressor. Glucocorticoid receptor expression was estimated in hippocampus by immunohistochemistry. Body weight gradually increased in all groups during 1 month before exposure of stressor, however, in the isolated rats, the weight gain was greater than that in enriched and control groups. In all groups cold restraint caused the gastric erosion, the mean areas of which were not significantly differed. In behavior tests, the animals of isolated group were approximately equally divided into vulnerable (showing depressive‐like reactions in the open field) and resistant (not differed from the non‐stressed control) to ulcerogenic stress (active subgroup). All isolated rats showed a reduced level of exploratory activity in the elevated plus maze. Rats from enriched environment showed greater motor and exploratory activity, as well as lower anxiety level compared to those in isolated group. Isolated rats were most sensitive to action of pain, whereas rats kept in enriched environment were less sensitive to pain exposure. In the isolated group, the weakest corticosterone release among all groups was observed in response to mild procedural stress. Low HPA stress‐reactivity of isolated rats was combined with enhanced expression of glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus indicating a sensitization of the mechanisms of negative glucocorticoid feedback following prolonged social isolation. Thus, social isolation is a stressor leading to weight gain, a decrease in stress reactivity accompanied by an increase of glucocorticoid receptor expression in the hippocampus, a decrease of exploratory activity and increased of somatic pain sensitivity whereas enriched environment exerts beneficial action on functional state of the body: increases motor and exploratory activity, decreases anxiety and somatic pain sensitivity.
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