Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Heritability and polygenic predictionIn the EUR sample, the SNP-based heritability (h 2 SNP ) (that is, the proportion of variance in liability attributable to all measured SNPs)

No abstract

Background: Visual word recognition is one of the central topics in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Genetic factors are known to contribute to the visual word recognition, but no genes associated with this process have been identified so far. We studied the impact of the DRD2 C957T polymorphism on the efficiency of visual word recognition by measuring its neuronal correlates and behavioral parameters. Early (~200 ms) components of event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded during a lexical decision task. The DRD2 C957T polymorphism is thought to be associated with D2 receptor’s availability and binding potential. Earlier studies have demonstrated the influence of this variation on perception and processing of verbal stimuli. The DRD2 C957T is also associated with schizophrenia, with the C allele being the risk allele. Methods: Electroencephalogram, genetic, and behavioral data were collected from 96 healthy individuals (53.1% men). ERPs were recorded for words and pseudowords in implicit and explicit tasks. Two regions of interests in the left ventral temporal cortex, whose role in early visual word processing is well established, were selected for analysis. Results: The results showed the main effect of the DRD2 C957T polymorphism on P200 amplitude. Carriers of the TT genotype had higher P200 amplitudes compared to subjects with schizophrenia risk C allele. Within-group comparisons demonstrated a better ability to adjust attention to orthographic stimuli depending on task demands and lexicality in the TT group. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that the DRD2 C957T polymorphism modulates early stages of visual word recognition.

The IL-1B С-511T and TNF-a G-308A polymorphisms were associated with depression; CC genotype (р=0,001, OR=1.9 CI 1,3-2,7) and GG genotype (р=0,001, OR=3,0 CI 1,8-4,9) were the risk factors. The results suggest that immune factors may play a role in the development of depression. The authors highlight the role of clinical polymorphism of depression that makes it difficult to form homogenous groups of patients and to select phenotypes for biological studies.

The finding of the association between the IL-6 -174G/C and depression, comorbid to CHD, is in line with literature on a role of IL-6 in the development of depression in patients with CHD.

In our studies, the purpose of our research was to determine the level of dependence of the competitive results of Greco-Roman wrestlers with their ability to realize technique in the ground wrestling in different directions. Actually the participants of the research are the athletes (n = 160) with different sports qualifications from the beginners (B) to subelite (S) and elite athletes (High sports mastery (HSM)). Moreover, the athletes were divided into 2 groups: group of athletes with asymmetry (AG) (n=99)-the athletes conducting holds in the ground mainly in one direction and group of athletes with ambidexterity (AmG) (n=61)-the athletes conducting holds both the right and left sides. The study period is 2 years (2015-2016). By the way the competitive results of the athletes were assessed using the rating scale developed by the authors. On average, the number and quality of techniques of the ground wrestling was assessed by the method of competitive matches analyses. Besides the statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Besides, it was revealed that the elementary education athletes (B) performing ground wrestling holds predominantly in one direction so their competitive results are reliable higher (P<0,01). It should be noted that an approximate equality of the competitive results of the subelite athletes (S) is recorded in the group of athletes (AG) and group of athletes (AmG). The level of competitive results of the elite athletes (HSM) is significantly (P<0,01) higher than the wrestlers of the group of athletes (AmG). Indeed, the results show that the ability to conduct holds successfully in the ground in different directions does not have a significant effect on sports results of the athletes at the initial stage of preparation. Fortunately, this ability allows the elite wrestlers to increase the level of sports results significantly.

This review highlights the basic paradigms and directions of molecular genetic studies of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Along with the traditional approach based on functional candidate genes, it covers genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for cognition in general population and schizophrenic patients, attempts to integrate GWAS results in polygenic profiles that can be used in personalized care of schizophrenic patients, and a search for biological pathways implicated in the development of cognitive impairments with bioinformatics methods. However, despite significant advances in understanding the genetic basis of the disease and a rapidly growing amount of data on genes associated with cognitive functions, most of the variability of cognitive impairments in patients remains unexplained. The data on the functional complexity of the genome accumulated in the fields of molecular biology and genetics underscore the importance of studying epigenetic mechanisms of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.

No abstract