The purpose of this paper is to appoint the causality between economic activity in the sector of distributive trade and the economic growth of 28 European Union nations. Specifically, it examines the impact of changes in turnover per employee in the distributive trade sector in EU member states on the tangible economic growth rate. The determination to adopt this approach stems from the fact that existing studies mainly explore indirect relationship between economic activities in distributive trade and economic development, with less focus on the direct impact of distributive trade on economic growth. The paper utilizes information for the period from 2008 to 2015. The research relies on multiple regression model, with the Hausman test its robustness. The results indicate that a hike in turnover per employee in the distributive trade sector by 10 euros per year in one EU member state increases its real economic growth rate by 0.15% in that same year. The significance of the made results is reflected in the fact that the survey takes into account the last economic crisis, and highlights negative effects of final consumption expenditure of general government % GDP on the tangible economic growth rate in EU member states.
Trading companies that expand their operations beyond the national borders need to know the determinants or factors affecting the success of the internationalization strategy. Theoretical and practical research of the past twenty years has seen these factors as a set of economic, political, social, and cultural factors, which, ultimately, determine the choice of the specific market to operate on in the next period. In addition, research results in this field consider internationalization factors on two grounds, in terms of the national market, as "push", and in terms of the new, foreign market, as "pull" factors. The aim of this paper is to examine socio-cultural factors of trade internationalization. These factors will be analysed in terms of their impact on trade internationalization, as well as the impact of internationalization on them. The basic hypothesis to be tested is that socio-cultural factors affect various activities of international trade chains. In order to test the hypothesis, empirical research on sociocultural factors of trade internationalization on the Serbian market will be conducted.
Retail and retail development have become increasingly important in the economies of a number of countries in recent years. Given that retail chains are in direct contact with consumers, food retail control is important for both consumers and retailers. Additionally, food control is an important business segment of all companies involved in the food distribution chain, from food production, processing, storage, and sales to end consumers. On the one hand, the right to healthy and safe products is one of the basic consumer rights. On the other hand, retail chains tend to deliver healthy and safe products to consumers, using the principle of efficiency and positive business performance. In line with the above, i.e. food retailers’ challenge to satisfy consumer demands for healthy and safe products, but also to achieve positive business performance, the aim of this paper is to analyse the importance of food control for retail development, with particular reference to the market of the Republic of Serbia. For this purpose, empirical research is carried out on a sample of 169 food retailers. Using the available financial data, as well as data obtained from field research, the paper tests hypothesis on the impact of food control, as measured by the percentage allocation for the introduction of food safety standards, on food retail performance. The ANFIS method is used, and the results show positive impact of food control on food retail development in the Republic of Serbia.
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