The paper is devoted to fuzzy cognitive modeling, which is an effective tool for studying semistructured socioeconomic systems. The emphasis is on the process of developing (identification) fuzzy cognitive models, which are the most complex and critical stage of cognitive modeling. Existing identification methods are classified as either expert or statistical, depending on the source of information used. Typically, when constructing fuzzy cognitive models of semi-structured systems, the system under consideration possesses both quantitative (measurable) factors and factors of a relative, qualitative nature. While statistical data on the quantitative factors may be available, the only available source of information on the qualitative factors is expert knowledge.
The purpose of the research is to substantiate the directions for improving program and target planning in the implementation of state programs based on the principles of project management. The article considers methodological aspects of development and implementation of program planning based on the principles of project management in agriculture in Russia. The article describes the domestic practice of program and target planning in the market conditions of management. The main drawbacks of the software planning tools used in the system of state regulation of agricultural production and development of rural territories are investigated. Special attention is paid to the target orientation of budget allocation. A model of program-target planning based on the principles of project management in agriculture has been developed, which includes a system of elements of strategic state planning. It is proved that the new management tools of state regulation of the agricultural sector, based on the project approach, will allow not only to focus the efforts of authorities at all levels on achieving specific results in the implementation of state programs, but also to transfer agricultural producers of various forms of management to the same level of development.
A fundamentally new characteristic of the policy in relation to the development of rural areas is the achievement of a high standard of living of the rural population due to non-material factors of development, namely, the quality of the social environment and the state of the environment. In the new model of rural development, the main element is social capital and the level of development of rural social networks based on Internet technologies. Digitalization contributes to the active involvement of the rural population of Russia in network social interaction. Social networks are more important for rural residents than for urban residents, since they neutralize the territorial disunity of villages and provide access to information. They become a structural component of social capital, a condition and factor of its formation and reproduction. However, the level of digitalization in rural areas remains insufficient and is significantly inferior to urban areas. The development and improvement of social capital contributes to the use of hidden intangible resources, the disclosure of the potential of rural areas, the growth of its competitiveness, the formation of economic and social ties.
The article presents the results of research on the justification of a new model of socio-economic development of rural territories in the conditions of modern civilizational transformations. The principles of endogenous development are the basis for the formation of a new model of rural development. This approach involves the socio-economic development of rural areas, based on internal resources – natural, human and cultural. The development of this theory is a neo-endogenous approach, in which the sustainable development of rural areas should be accompanied by the active use of external resources and support – globalization of social and economic ties, export of products, attracting external investment, and state support. The paradigm of socio-economic development is undergoing civilizational transformations affecting the basic laws of the development of society and the economy, defining new trajectories in order to promote the prosperity of mankind. In this regard, the main objective of rural development, in accordance with the new paradigm, is sustainable inclusive growth, ensuring an increase in the incomes of the rural population, along with an increase in its economic opportunities, level of protection and quality of life. The ideology of inclusive development is not aimed at optimizing the spatial structure of rural settlements, but at preserving and multiplying them, not at retaining the rural population, but at creating conditions for attracting those who want to live and work in the countryside. A conceptual model for rural development has been developed, the implementation of which will ensure inclusive economic growth based on an equal level of rural access to social benefits and services, financial and economic resources. Research findings can be used in defining public administration strategies in the new environment to shape balanced spatial development policies
The development of rural tourism is a global trend. In order to support this trend, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has declared 2020 the year of rural and eco-tourism, which has attracted the attention of travelers to the countryside and will entail the development of rural areas. For Russia, the development of this area is becoming particularly relevant, which is due to the need to diversify the rural economy, the desire to increase employment and sources of income of the rural population, overcome rural poverty, and attract investment to improve infrastructure in rural areas. It is determined that a significant constraint on the development of the sub-sector is the imperfection of the regulatory framework and the vagueness of direct state support, legislation in the field of rural tourism is only being formed, the existing assistance measures do not meet the request of society. The prospects of rural tourism are connected with the process of active formation of the institutional environment and the development of tools for targeted state support. The paper notes that the main directions of development of the sub-sector will be determined by the national project “Tourism and Hospitality”. As new tools for the development of the direction are grants “Agrotourism”, concessional lending at the rate of 3-5% per annum, cashback for tours in Russia. The new impetus to realize the potential of agrotourism is associated with the coronavirus pandemic and the demand for domestic travel. As conclusions, the need to improve the system of state regulation and support for the development of rural tourism is established and the main measures that will contribute to the realization of the potential of this type of non-agricultural activity as a promising direction for sustainable development of rural areas are identified
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