Groundwater resources at all times have provided and continue to provide a significant impact on the economic, social, and often political activities of any state, especially if the reserves of this strategic resource are limited. Coordinated groundwater resources management is one of the main conditions for the sustainable development of countries’ transboundary basins, affecting all aspects of human activity, including water supply, agriculture, industry, hydropower, water transport, environment, and the very quality of human life. Modern international trends in the field of transboundary groundwater resources management is undergoing significant changes. This article dwells upon the features of groundwater as a mineral, the structure of state groundwater management in the Russian Federation, the regulation of transboundary groundwater use, and protection at the international and domestic levels are analyzed. The system of management of the transboundary aquifers of Kazakhstan and Belarus is considered in more detail. The unitization approach used for coordinated development of oil and gas fields can, to some extent, serve as a model for managing common groundwater aquifers located on the border of neighboring states. Dogmatic and comparative legal methods consisting of analyzing the applicable legal regulations on the use and protection of groundwater were used. Several recommendations for improving the system of state sustainable management of groundwater resources at the global level are proposed.
Objective: The purpose of the study is to provide substantiation for methodological approaches to the assessment of foreign economic risks including the study of the essence and sphere of manifestation of foreign economic risks, as well as their influence on the enterprise’s competitiveness in the context of sustainable development. Methods: To assess the impact of the risks of foreign economic activity, a methodical approach to the assessment of risks at enterprises is developed. The base of the study is composed of 10 selected enterprises in the Moscow region, Russia engaged in foreign trade activities and the production of high-tech products. Results: Assessment of the riskiness of foreign economic activity and the degree of risk manifestation in the process of foreign trade activities allows enterprises to regulate their activities to ensure their security and promote greater competitiveness. Conclusion: The conducted analysis demonstrates that foreign economic risks considerably affect foreign economic activity. The ranking of enterprises according to the degree of manifestation of risks confirms that the competitiveness of enterprises is sensitive to foreign economic risks.
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