The scientific paper presents the authors’ research on the aspects of nature and process of forming a new direction in the management system of sustainable development – green management. This direction which has recently become quite popular has been declared as a new priority in the implementation of large projects. But so far there is no practice of implementation and regulatory approval of this concept. It is generally accepted that green management is based on the principles of a lean or green economy and harmless attitude to the natural environment. From the authors’ point of view, this concept should be interpreted slightly broader, since regular monitoring of the state of the environment should be based, among other things, on the introduction and wide spread of information technologies into the management system.
The production of tropical fruits and their supply to the world market is one of the spheres of employment for a significant part of the citizens of developing countries, a source of income for their families and foreign exchange earnings for the countries concerned. At the same time, for the countries that import them, they are currently an important element in meeting the needs of their population in fruit and berry products in terms of volumes, assortment and availability throughout the entire calendar year. The main tropical fruits are bananas, pineapples, avocados, mangoes, papaya. Considering that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has declared 2021 the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, the problem of identifying the importance of Russia as a subject of the world market for these types of fruit and berry products is of great importance. Within the framework of this study, statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were used, on the basis of which for 1992-2019 changes in global production, global and Russian imports of major tropical fruits were analyzed. The shares of global imports in the global production of the types of fruit and berry products under consideration, the importance of Russia in their global physical and value imports were also calculated and characterized. In more detail, according to the official data of customs statistics, for 2020, the directions and volumes of imports to Russia and exports from Russia of the main types of tropical fruits are reflected. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in 1992-2019 the volumes of global production and international trade in these types of fruit and berry products increased, and the importance of Russia as their importer has significantly increased. The share of global imports of major tropical fruits in their global production also increased. As for the import of these types of fruit and berry products to Russia, there is a high concentration of one to three countries from which the tropical fruits come.
Objective: The purpose of the study is to provide substantiation for methodological approaches to the assessment of foreign economic risks including the study of the essence and sphere of manifestation of foreign economic risks, as well as their influence on the enterprise’s competitiveness in the context of sustainable development. Methods: To assess the impact of the risks of foreign economic activity, a methodical approach to the assessment of risks at enterprises is developed. The base of the study is composed of 10 selected enterprises in the Moscow region, Russia engaged in foreign trade activities and the production of high-tech products. Results: Assessment of the riskiness of foreign economic activity and the degree of risk manifestation in the process of foreign trade activities allows enterprises to regulate their activities to ensure their security and promote greater competitiveness. Conclusion: The conducted analysis demonstrates that foreign economic risks considerably affect foreign economic activity. The ranking of enterprises according to the degree of manifestation of risks confirms that the competitiveness of enterprises is sensitive to foreign economic risks.
The orientation of a part of the population of economically developed countries to a healthy diet, the spread of ideas of vegetarianism, concern for the environment, and relatively higher incomes contributed to an increase in demand for fruits, berries and nuts of tropical and subtropical origin. Some of them, in particular bananas, oranges, tangerines, lemons, have become common food products and practically everyday consumption for the majority of the population of developed countries in the last quarter of the 20th century. In the future, some other types of fresh fruit and berry products from the tropics and subtropics (for example, pineapple, kiwi, avocado) gradually, due to increased production and international trade, also became more economically available to the ordinary consumer. Based on the analysis of statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations for 1961-2019, the article shows a number of trends in international trade (for exports) of major tropical fruits are reflected, with a deeper look at the participation of Latin American countries in this process. It was revealed that some states of this region, such as Mexico, Ecuador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Honduras, Peru, Brazil, Chile, occupy significant positions in the supply of bananas, pineapple, avocado, mango, papaya to the world market. Currently, Russia is one of the largest countries in the world in terms of imports of fruit and berry products, therefore, the issue of its participation as a subject of demand in the world tropical fruit market is raised.
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