The production of tropical fruits and their supply to the world market is one of the spheres of employment for a significant part of the citizens of developing countries, a source of income for their families and foreign exchange earnings for the countries concerned. At the same time, for the countries that import them, they are currently an important element in meeting the needs of their population in fruit and berry products in terms of volumes, assortment and availability throughout the entire calendar year. The main tropical fruits are bananas, pineapples, avocados, mangoes, papaya. Considering that the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has declared 2021 the International Year of Fruits and Vegetables, the problem of identifying the importance of Russia as a subject of the world market for these types of fruit and berry products is of great importance. Within the framework of this study, statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were used, on the basis of which for 1992-2019 changes in global production, global and Russian imports of major tropical fruits were analyzed. The shares of global imports in the global production of the types of fruit and berry products under consideration, the importance of Russia in their global physical and value imports were also calculated and characterized. In more detail, according to the official data of customs statistics, for 2020, the directions and volumes of imports to Russia and exports from Russia of the main types of tropical fruits are reflected. In the course of the study, it was revealed that in 1992-2019 the volumes of global production and international trade in these types of fruit and berry products increased, and the importance of Russia as their importer has significantly increased. The share of global imports of major tropical fruits in their global production also increased. As for the import of these types of fruit and berry products to Russia, there is a high concentration of one to three countries from which the tropical fruits come.
The grain sub-complex is the most important structural element of the agrarian sector in many countries of the world. The production of grain and its processing create the basis for satisfying the internal needs of the country's population for those food products in which this type of product is used to a certain extent. It does not concern only bread and bakery products, pasta, cereals or confectionery. Grain as a raw material for the production of animal feed is indirectly involved in the production of eggs, milk, meat, and food products which use them. Thus, the level of development of the grain sub-complex largely determines the degree of ensuring the full-fledged food independence of the country. Besides, due to this dependence, the grain market conditions greatly affect many other national food markets; the negative grain market situation can have profound consequences for political stability in the country. Consequently, the research on the production potential of the grain sub-complex of Russia and other states located in the post-Soviet space has acquired the paramount importance. After the collapse of the USSR, the grain production in the emerged fifteen independent states was developing in different ways. Some of the countries, including Russia, managed to significantly increase the production and export potential of the national grain sub-complex. The given research used statistics data of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization for the period of 1992-2019 to analyze the physical quantity of grain production in Russia and neighboring countries. The authors also consider the change trends in the parameters of grain export from the states, which in 2019 were the main exporters of grain from this part of the world. The particular attention is paid to the changes in the gross grain harvests structure in the EAEU member states, as well as to the production of grain per capita in the states that belong to this integration group.
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The need to comply with the goals and objectives of sustainable development of the situation and the values of management objects determines a set of state policy priorities to achieve an acceptable level of safety and quality of life in specific territories of the country. The purpose of the study was to determine the features of sustainable development of individual land territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafterthe Russian Arctic or AZRF), taking into account the results of the dynamics of sustainable development indicators and the type of economy of these regions. To this end, the work presented problem areas of socio-economic development that hinder the successful achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of Russia and the attainability of the goals and objectives of strategic management of the development of these territories. To determine the type of economy and the characteristics of economic development, a structural analysis of the economy was carried out and structural shifts in dynamics were determined. The research methodology includes both general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, and the author's approach to structural analysis of the economy, based on the three-sector model of the Clark-Fisher economy. The main results of the study include: systematization and clarification of the composition of national SDG indicators for the land territories of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the peculiarities of their socio-economic development (regional indicators of the SDGs), a typology of the economy of the Russian Arctic regions based on the results of structural analysis; determination of the correlation between regional SDG indicators, goals and priorities of Russian national projects in these regions, and goals and objectives of strategic planning documents; on the example of the transformation of reindeer husbandry, the demanded and accessible digital technologies and methods of "lean production" have been identified, the application of which to the change in the traditional format of this economic activity is aimed at increasing labor productivity, ensuring the off-seasonality of animal husbandry in the Russian Arctic and achieving positive social effects, including regional SDG indicators.
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