All greenhouse phyto-irradiators implement a constant regime of plant irradiation. For example, phyto-irradiators turn on at 6 am and turn off at 10 pm. The article contains the results of a study of the influence of pulsed (flashing) light on the growth and development of meristemic plants of garden strawberry varieties ‘Brighton’ and ‘Korona’ in vitro. The ability to use flashing light is based on the features of photosynthesis, which includes light-dependent and light-independent (dark) reactions. A flashing LED phyto-irradiator and a continuously operating fluorescent irradiator (control sample) were compared. Experiments have shown that the use of flashing LED phyto-irradiator increased the rooting rate of strawberry micro-cuttings by 5-10%, depending on the varieties. For the variety ‘Korona’ there was an increase in the number of fully developed leaves to 7.2 pieces (6.0 pieces in the control sample) and, as a consequence, an increase in the leaf surface area of microplants from 262.2 mm2 to 348.0 mm2. For the ‘Brighton’ variety, everything was the other way around: under the flashing LED phyto-irradiator, the number of fully developed leaves decreased to 4.5 pieces (5.6 pieces in the control sample). The use of a flashing LED phyto-irradiator prevented the elongation of microplants in both varieties. At the end of the experiment, all strawberry microplants were rooted and met the standard requirements for rosette height, number of fully developed leaves, and root length.
Around the world, one of the key challenges is the provision of food for a growing urbanized population. A vertical farming system will help solve this problem. Vertical farming in a controlled environment provides 4-6 times higher yields per unit area, but requires more electricity. The most economical light sources are light-emitting diodes but it is important to determine the rational operating mode of the lighting system. The aim of the study was to determine the specific operating hours of the intermittent lighting system to reduce the cost of electricity consumption when growing vegetables in vertical farming in a controlled environment. Continuous and periodic modes of operation of the lighting system with a total operating time of 16 hours per day were considered. In Russia, there are six price categories for consumed electricity. Research has shown that price level II is economically viable. and a rational operating mode: 8 hours of light/4 hours of darkness, etc. Thus, the intervals of operation of the lighting system are 11.00-19.00 and 23.00-7.00. The study of this regime for microgreening of Mitsun head cabbage showed that the productivity of the plants was preserved, since the length of the leaves did not change.
The article presents studies on the impact of ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and silicon-containing preparation “Nanosilicon” on the germination of seeds of meadow clover ‘Ranny 2’, alfalfa (Medicago varia) ‘Victoria’ and fodder galega ‘Yaltinsky’. The purpose of the studies was to investigate the synergism of the simultaneous exposure to ultraviolet radiation and nanosilicon to increase the rate of seed germination. The study was investigating ultraviolet radiation zone “A” (UV-A) for a period of 5 minutes. The average irradiance was 3.137 W/m2. A decrease to 2-3% of the amount of hard seeds of meadow clover was noted in the variants: first treatment was with ultraviolet light, and then with “Nanosilicon” (UV irradiation + “Nanosilicon”) and vice versa: first, treatment was with “Nanosilicon”, and then with ultraviolet (“Nanosilicon” + UV irradiation). In addition, a decrease to 7.9-9.5% of the seeds contamination was detected for fodder galega in almost all studied variants. The use of the preparation “Nanosilicon” and UV radiation on the seeds of alfalfa contributed to an increase in the length of the sprout up to 2.4 cm, the root up to 1.5 cm, the degree of development of seedlings up to 3.0 points, the growth rate up to 29.8%.
The aim of the work is to determine the permissible load factors of step-down transformers when powering various types of greenhouse irradiators. All examined irradiators have nonlinear volt-ampere characteristic and generate upper current harmonics. The object of research are greenhouse illuminators with high pressure sodium lamps, induction and light-emitting diodes greenhouse illuminators (LED) with active and passive power factor. The permissible load factors of transformers are calculated using obtained data: for high-pressure sodium lamp light is 0.95 max; for LED lamps with active power factor corrector – 0.76 max; for LED lamps with passive power factor correction – 0.59 max; for electrodeless lamp light – 0.98 max. To reduce current harmonics in systems with LED lamps and to increase the load factor of transformers, it is necessary to apply special devices – active or passive harmonic filters. For greenhouse irradiators with sodium lamps and induction irradiators, the use of harmonic filters is not required.
With the continue increase prices of the electricity while the financing of agriculture is remaining the same, agricultural production is increasingly difficult to satisfy the needs of the population with food production. Under these conditions the role of energy-saving technologies in agricultural production is relevant. In particular, very important is the use of optical radiation for irradiation of dairy herds, poultry and plants. In this article, methods of energy saving are presented, identified on the basis of long-term theoretical and practical research of the authors and their graduate students. The reliability of this research is confirmed by defended theses, the theoretical and practical achievements, the protocols of experiments, acts of economic and factory tests. The authors hope that this information will provide practical assistance to numerous small farms in our country while choosing energy-saving lighting technologies.
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