Adipokines may link adipose tissue to the inflammatory, metabolic, and immune dysregulation. The variation of adipokine levels within individuals, intercorrelations, and relationships to well-established measures of adiposity are incompletely defined. The main goal of the present study was quantitative evaluation of the genetic interrelationships between obesity and adipokines in normal human population. The study sample comprised 272 families of various sizes, including 530 men and 531 women aged 18-80 years, randomly recruited in rural population living in Russia. Various fatness and fat distribution measures (OB), blood pressure (BP), and plasma levels of several adipokines (AC), such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and IGFBP-1, have been measured. The likelihood ratio tests clearly revealed that genetic effect for all studied phenotypes was highly significant (P < 0.001) and accounted for 45.9% +/- 8.1%, 33.7% +/- 7.9%, 35.7% +/- 9.8% of variation for AC, OB, and BP, respectively. The pairwise bivariate analyses showed that strong phenotypic correlation between the obesity (OB) and adipocytokines (AC) was caused by both common genetic and environmental factors (r(G) = 0.597 +/- 0.116, r(E) = 0.671 +/- 0.051). The phenotypic correlation between BP and OB is explained by shared genetic factors only (r(G) = 0.532 +/- 0.109), whereas the phenotypic correlation between BP and AC has only common environment basis (r(E) = -0.212 +/- 0.081) and was mostly due to the correlation observed in females. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a significant role in regulation of variation of the examined traits. The variation of OB traits is almost fully due to genes influencing variation of AC, whereas the correlation between BP and AC is only marginally significant and caused only by shared environment.
The study analyzes strategies established by the Arctic states (Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russian Federation, and USA) for development of their northern regions, with emphasis to food security issues of the Siberian Arctic regions in Russia, specifically Far North area of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Of particular interest is the state of food supply to aforementioned areas. The authors put forward the measures to actively involve the population of the Arctic regions and indigenous peoples of the Far North in the self-procurement of food by utilizing of indigenous subsistence economy products.
The article researches the urgent under modern conditions issues of legal regulation of food security of the Arctic regions of Russia the regions of the Far North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory in particular. Special attention focuses on the active involvement of the population of the Arctic areas and the indigenous peoples of the Far North in the food self-sufficiency with the use of the nature management production of indigenous peoples.
The study analyzes the indicators of production and actual consumption of certain types of food in the territories of Tyva, the Republic of Khakassia and Krasnoyarsk Krai united in the Yenisei Siberia. The research makes conclusions about ensuring food security on the basis of the ratio of actual consumption, production and norms of rational food consumption and suggests some directions for agribusiness to be involved in food security.
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