This paper presents findings from a study carried out as part of BigPicnic, a European Commission's Horizon 2020 project. BigPicnic brought together members of the public, scientists, policy-makers and industry representatives to develop exhibitions and science cafés. Across 12 European and one Ugandan botanic gardens participating in the study, we surveyed 1189 respondents on factors and motives affecting their food choices. The study highlights the importance that cultural knowledge holds for understanding food choices and consumer preferences. The findings of this study are discussed in the wider context of food security issues related to sustainable food choice, and the role of food as a form of cultural heritage. Specifically, the findings underline the importance of the impact of food preferences and choices on achieving sustainability, but also indicate that heritage is a key parameter that has to be more explicitly considered in definitions of food security and relevant policies on a European and global level.

Citizen science is a rapidly growing emerging field in science and it is gaining importance in education. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of biology teachers who participated in a citizen science project involving observation of wild bees and identification of butterflies. In this paper, knowledge about how these biological methods can be taught to students is presented. After two years in the project, four teachers were interviewed and their PCK was captured in the form of content representations (CoRes) and Pedagogical and Professional-Experience Repertoires (PaP-eRs). These results can help future citizen science projects to link their activities to the school curriculum. But not only success can be reported: although one of the project team's aims was to make the Nature of Science accessible to the teachers and students in the course of the project, the teachers did not take this aspect into account. This paper discusses the possible reasons and proposes various strategies for improving citizen science in the context of school biology learning.

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The emergence and widespread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms are of great individual and societal relevance. Due to the complex and multilayered nature of the topic, antibiotic resistance (ABR) is the object of concern for several scientific fields, such as microbiology or medicine, and encompasses a broad range of political, economic, and social aspects. Thus, the issue related to antibiotic-resistant bacterial diseases offers an excellent platform for designing and implementing the teaching and learning of socio-scientific issues (SSI). We created a SSI-based curriculum unit for use in secondary science classrooms by developing a collaborative partnership between education researchers and microbiologists. This classroom environment allows students to explore and negotiate ABR as a societal and scientific phenomenon. For this purpose, we leveraged role-playing within the SSI-based unit as a productive context for engaging students in learning opportunities that provide multiple perspectives on ABR and the complex interplay of its accelerators. This case-based paper describes Austrian school students’ experiences from their participation in a SSI-embedded role-playing classroom environment and subsequent activities that included a mini congress with a poster presentation and a panel discussion. An open-ended questionnaire-based assessment tool was used to examine the situational characteristics of the students’ work. To assess students’ contributions, we applied a qualitative content analysis design and identified cognitive and affective outcomes. The students’ learning experiences demonstrate that they considered the content – the social complexities of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and associated diseases – exciting and very topical. The students perceived that learning about ABR is relevant for their future and involves both individual and societal responsibility for action. Although the curriculum unit and its assignments were described as labor-intensive, it became apparent that the role-playing setting has the potential to inform students about multiple stakeholder positions concerning ABR. Concerning the promotion of science practices, almost all students claimed that they learned to organize, analyze, evaluate, and present relevant information. Moreover, the students affirmed that they learned to argue from the perspective of their assigned roles. However, the students did not clarify whether they learned more through this SSI-based classroom instruction than through conventional science teaching approaches.

Zusammenfassung Kritisches Denken (KD) gilt weitläufig als ein fundamentales Bildungsziel. In naturwissenschaftsdidaktischer Literatur wird diskutiert, dass KD einen Rahmen für die Auseinandersetzung mit den Konzepten Socio-Scientific Issues und Nature of Science bildet. Dennoch fehlt in der Naturwissenschaftsdidaktik ein einvernehmliches Verständnis des Konstrukts KD, was die Weiterentwicklung des Forschungsgebietes und die Implementierung in den naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht erschwert. Das hier vorgestellte theoriegeleitete Synergiemodell des kritischen Denkens fasst den abstrakten wissenschaftlichen Diskurs für die naturwissenschaftsdidaktische Forschung und die Unterrichtsentwicklung zusammen. Es schafft sowohl eine Grundlage für die Analyse von Unterrichtsprozessen als auch eine Diskussionsbasis für die Verständigung über die Charakteristika von KD im Kontext von naturwissenschaftlicher Bildung und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen. Aufbauend auf der theoretischen Klärung werden Desiderata für die fachspezifische Konzeptualisierung sowie die explizite Implementierung des Konstrukts KD in den naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht und die Aus-und Weiterbildung von Lehrkräften naturwissenschaftlicher Fächer abgeleitet. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, einen wissenschaftlichen sowie einen davon ausgehenden praktischen Diskurs darüber anzuregen, welche Charakteristika KD im naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht auszeichnen.