Introduction: To assess the rate of thyroid cancer and mortality rate in a cohort of patients who received RAI 131 treatment for hyperthyroidism and to report the index cases' characteristics and management Material and methods: A cohort of 264 patients who received RAI 131 treatment for different causes of thyrotoxicosis were followed up over a period of 18 years (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) by physical exam, radiological evaluation and serial thyroid function tests. Results: During the follow up period, three cases of thyroid cancer were identified. The prevalence of thyroid cancer was 1.136% of cases who received RAI 131 . The relative risk was 378.79 (95% CI: 76.8 < RR < 1868.23). The P value was < 0.0000004 and the SMR is 1.99/1000. Conclusions: The prevalence of thyroid cancer was 1.136% in the cohort of patients treated with RAI
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