Biologi reproduksi ikan dan genetik populasi merupakan hal yang penting dalam manajemen perikanan. Penelitian tentang ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma) dilakukan berdasarkan pada pengamatan secara visual terhadap gonad dan mengukur indeks gonad. Contoh genetik ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma) diperoleh dari 5 lokasi penangkapan, yaitu perairan utara Jakarta, Eretan Wetan (Indramayu), Pekalongan, Rembang, dan Pasuruan (Selat Madura). Analisis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA ikan contoh menggunakan 5 jenis enzim restriksi yaitu Alu I, Hae III, Nde II, Taq I, dan Hind III. Hasil pengamatan terhadap 1.024 spesimen ikan menunjukkan bahwa ikan contoh dominan dalam keadaan belum matang (tingkat kematangan gonad I, II, dan III). Dugaan musim pemijahan ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma) terjadi pada musim timur karena nilai indeks gonad pada musim timur rendah. Ukuran ikan yang matang (tingkat kematangan gonad IV) berkisar antara 19 sampai dengan 20 cm (FL) dengan nilai indeks gonad 0,49 sampai dengan 6,98. Hasil analisis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA menunjukkan pola pemotongan yang diperoleh adalah sama (satu pola pemo Reproductive biology and population genetic of fish provide the important point in the fisheries management. A study on short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) was based on visual observations to the ovary and the measurement of gonado somatic index. Genetic sample of short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) were collected from 5 catch location i.e. northern Jakarta, Eretan Wetan (Indramayu), Pekalongan, Rembang, and Pasuruan (Madura Strait). Analysis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA were used 5 kind restriction enzyme Alu I, Hae III, Nde II, Taq I, and Hind III. Observations on 1,024 specimen showed that the sample was dominated in immature stage (stage I, II, and III). Spawning season of short mackerel (Rastrelliger brachysoma) was supposed in the east wind due to the fact that gonado somatic index is lower in east wind season. The size of ripe (stage IV) specimen was about 19 to 20 cm fork length, with gonado somatic index value range from 0.49 to 6.98. The result of analysis restriction fragment length polymorphism mitochondria-DNA showed has the same digestion model (one digestion model) therefore no significant differences in fish sample gonotip.
Perikanan teri berkembang sangat pesat khususnya di perairan utara Jawa Madura pada tahun terakhir ini. Kajian tentang karakteristik perikanan teri (Engraulidae) di sepanjang pantai utara Jawa-Madura dilaksanakan pada tahun 2017-2018, meliputi sebaran usaha perikanan, tipe armada-alat penangkapan ikan, aspek operasional penangkapan, hasil tangkapan-kelimpahan dan musim penangkapan ikan teri. Pengumpulan data pendaratan ikan teri dilakukan melalui survey di 11 lokasi pendaratan ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 12 lokasi tempat pendaratan utama ikan teri di sepanjang pantai utara (pantura) Jawa dan Madura. Dua jenis alat dominan digunakan untuk penangkapan teri adalah pukat cincin dan payang; perikanan bersifat skala kecil, melakukan trip harian, dengan armada kapal penangkap berukuran dibawah 20 GT. Jaring umumnya menggunakan waring dengan mata jaring kecil (3/8 inch) di bagian kantong. Daerah penangkapan di perairan pantai yang dangkal, dekat dengan basis perikanan. Musim penangkapan ikan teri bervariasi, di wilayah bagian barat (Pulolampes, Larangan, Morodemak) berlangsung sekitar musim timur/tenggara (Mei Juli), sedangkan di wilayah bagian timur berlangsung pada awal musim timur dan berjalan cukup lama hingga bulan November (musim peralihan 2). Hasil tangkapan per unit upaya (CPUE, sebagai indek kelimpahan) diduga makin ke arah timur semakin rendah namun disertai musim penangkapan ikan lebih lama. Anchovy fishery has grown rapidly, especially in the northern waters of Java-Madura in the last year. The study on the characteristics of the anchovy fishery (Engraulidae) along the northern coast of Java-Madura was carried out in 2017-2018, covering the distribution of fisheries effort, types of fishing gear, operational aspects of fishing, catch-abundance and fishing season. The collection of anchovy landing data was carried out through a survey at 11 fish landing sites. The results showed that there were 12 main anchovy landing sites along the north coast (pantura) of Java and Madura. Two types of dominant fishing gear used for anchovies are purse seine and payang; Fisheries are small-scale, undertaking daily trips, with a fleet of fishing vessels under 20 GT. The nets generally use “waring” with small mesh (3/8 inch) in the codend. Fishing area in shallow coastal waters, close to the fishing base. The fishing season for anchovy varies, in the western region (Pulolampes, Larangan, Morodemak) it takes place around the east / southeast season (May-July), while in the eastern region it takes place at the beginning of the eastern season and lasts quite a long time until November (transition season 2) . The catch per unit effort (CPUE, as an abundance index) is thought to be getting lower eastward but accompanied by a longer fishing season.
Penelitian tentang dinamika populasi kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) telah dilaksanakan di perairan mangrove Mayangan, Kecamatan Legonwetan, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Contoh kepiting diambilsecara acak dari hasil tangkapan bubu. Data sebaran frekuensi lebar karapas dikumpulkan selama sebelas bulan pengamatan. Analisis data parameter populasi dilakukan dengan bantuan software FISAT (FAO ICLARMStock Assessment Tools). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kelompok umur/ukuran kepiting bakau. Lebar karapas asimptotik populasi kepiting bakau mencapai 147 mm dengan koefisien pertumbuhan tahunan (K) 0,59. Laju eksploitasi kepiting bakau (E = 0,4) masih di bawah laju eksploitasi optimum. Hasil tangkapan kepiting bakau mencapai 23,8 ton per tahun. Hasil pengukuran di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa 70% berupa kepiting muda (nama lokal “keroyo”). Kondisi ini (growth over fishing) akan semakin mengkhawatirkan jika penangkapan berlangsung terus. Kondisi lingkungan perairan di sekitar mangrove dan perairan pantai cukup menunjang kehidupan biota termasuk larva kepiting bakau dan larva biota lain. Research on population dynamics of mud crab (Scylla serrata) was conducted in mangrove waters Mayangan, District Legonwetan, Subang regency, West Java. The current work was done based on carapace width frequency distribution data collected during eleven months of observation. The crab samples were taken randomly from the catch of trap net. Analysis was using software FISAT (FAOICLARM Stock Assessment Tools). Results show that there were several groups of age / size of mud crabs. Asymptotic length of mud crab population has reached 147 mm (carapace width) with an annual growth curvature (K) 0.59. Exploitation rate (E = 0.4) Of the mud crab population wos under the optimum level. Total undercrab production reached 23.8 tonnes per year, where most of the catch (88%) was of Scylla serrata. The results of field measurements was approximately 7 % of young crabs (local name “keroyo”). This condition of growth over fishing has occurred. It will be more worried if this condition continues. Environmental condition of the waters around mangroves and coastal waters seems be povurable to support the life animal including mud crab larvae and other animals larvae.
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