ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kejadian penyakit secara patologis pada ayam pedaging di Kabupaten Sukabumi dan Bogor pada bulan Februari (musim penghujan) dan Juni (musim kemarau) tahun 2012. Dari sejumlah peternakan yang dikunjungi total diperoleh 40 kasus penyakit. Diagnosis penyakit ditetapkan berdasarkan sejarah penyakit yang terjadi di peternakan, umur ayam yang sakit, gejala klinis, perubahan patologi anatomis, dan histopatologis. Berbagai faktor seperti kondisi iklim, tata laksana peternakan, pengobatan, dan sejarah vaksinasi digunakan sebagai data penunjang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit yang teridentifikasi adalah colibacillosis (22,2%), asites (12,5%), gumboro (12,5%), Newcastle disease (ND) (10%), Salmonella pullorum (10%), dan necrotic enteritis (7,5%). Penyakit terutama terjadi pada ayam umur 11-21 hari (57,5%) dan terjadi pada musim penghujan (60% The various factors like climatic condition, management practices, drug therapies, and immunization status from each farm were used as a supporting data. In the present investigation, the diagnosed diseases included colibacillosis (22.2%), ascites (12.5%), infectious bursal diseases (IBD) (12.5%), Newcastle disease (ND) (10%), Salmonella pullorum (10%), and Necrotic enteritis (7.5%). In general, the highest numbers of cases were recorded in the age group of 11-21 days (57.5%) and the diseases occurred mostly in rainy season (60%). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key words: broiler chicken, diseases, pathology PENDAHULUANPeternakan ayam pedaging mempunyai prospek yang sangat baik untuk dikembangkan, baik dalam skala peternakan besar maupun dalam skala peternakan kecil, atau peternakan rakyat. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan perkembangan populasi ayam pedaging khususnya di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang menjadi sentra produksi dengan populasi 497.814.132 atau sebesar 44,64% dari populasi nasional (Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, 2011). Beberapa alasan peternak untuk terus menjalankan usaha ini antara lain, jumlah permintaan daging ayam yang terus meningkat, akses mendapatkan input produksi yang mudah dengan skala kecil maupun besar, dan perputaran modal yang cepat.Permasalahan utama yang merupakan tantangan terberat di peternakan ayam adalah munculnya penyakit, sehingga pengelolaannya perlu dilakukan secara efisien dan profesional. Penyakit yang menyerang ayam banyak ragam dan seringkali gejalanya hampir sama. Oleh karena itu, peternak membutuhkan pengalaman tentang penyebab penyakit secara umum sehingga dapat membedakan penampilan ayam yang sakit dengan ayam sehat. Penyebab penyakit pada ayam adalah virus, bakteri, jamur, protozoa, cacing, dan kutu. Tetapi kekurangan mineral dan vitamin juga dapat menyebabkan penyakit. Wabah penyakit menular seperti penyakit flu burung pada tahun 2003 adalah risiko terbesar yang harus dihadapi peternak di Indonesia. Kerugian ekonomi ditaksir mencapai Rp 7,7 triliun, meliputi kematian unggas sekitar 7,4 juta ekor yang ter...
Animals have an important role in research and testing to improve human and animal health. Animal usage must be balanced between science and ethical values of animal welfare. This paper discusses the role of IACUC, the implications of animal welfare for research, animal ethical clearance and obstacles in the implementation of animal welfare. Institution of Animal Care Use Committee (IACUC) has an important role to ensure that researcher has animal ethical clearance before conducting research and testing. Research and testing using animal should comply with ethical principles: respect, beneficiary and justice; 3Rs principles: Replacement, Reduction, Refinement and 5F/Freedom: freedom from hunger and thirst, heat and discomfort, pain, trauma and disease, fear and stress and expressing behavior naturally. The application of animal ethics clearance in Indonesia in research using animals is compulsary in various institutions, However thera are several barriers in its implementation, Those are: not all research institutions have IACUC, lack of awareness of researchers to apply for animal ethical clearance, reluctant to IACUC requirements, lack of facilities animals that meet animal welfare requirements and lack of competence in animal handling according to animal welfare.
Seroprevalence studies of HPAI H5 subtype in ducks and muscouvy duck in smallholders farm was carried out in Serang and Tangerang District, Banten Province. The study comprised a serological survey to define the distribution and prevalence of HPAI H5 subtype infection on ducks and muscouvy ducks as well as attempted isolation of the virus from these species. Unit of sample in each stage was randomly choosen by multy stage random sample. Blood samples were taken from ducks and muscouvy ducks that had never been vaccinated, purposively. Sera were tested using Haemaglutination Inhibition Test, antigen H5N1 (clade 2.3.2), while the cloaca and trachea swab samples was injected into specific pathogens free (SPF) embryonated 9-11 days old, to isolate the virus. Results showed that H5 subtype virus could be isolated from tracheal swabs of ducks in the various age groups. The seroprevalence of H5 subtype virus in Banten Province was 25.5%, in which, 24.3% occured in ducks and in muscouvy duck in the rate of 1.2%, with titer HI positive was > 3log2. Based on species, seroprevalence level HPAI H5 subtype in ducks was 3-4 times higher than the level of seroprevalence of HPAI H5 subtype in muscouvy duck, which indicated that the H5 subtype virus more likely to circulate in the ducks flock than in muscouvy duck. This study noted that both muscouvy duck and ducks appeared to play a significant role in the epidemiology of the disease.
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