In the current study, the precast panel using a cold-formed steel section integrated with a cold-formed steel section integrated with self-compacting concrete was connected to the precast column panel. A T-shaped plate was used as a joint connector. Point loading applied onto the free-side of the slab panel. The material used to form a composite slab panel was C12524-type of cold-formed steel section as the reinforcements and it was integrated with self-compacting concrete. The connection in this research was divided into two-part. It was the side part and the middle part. The quality of cold-formed steel was fy = 530 MPa and fu = 590 MPa, the quality of the T-shaped plate connector grade was S355. The bolt diameter was variated with 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, and 16 mm. The bolt quality was grade 8.8 (fy = 800 MPa). The calculation was the moment joint capacity of the connection and the stiffness. The moment joint capacity was increased within the bolt diameter increased. The side part of the specimen had the highest stiffness value; the bolts that could be used were M10, M12, and M14. To use the M16 bolt, configure the bolt spacing to be compatible with the standard BS EN 1-8:2005 [1].
Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) is lightweight steel produced by forming the thin plate in cool condition. It became widely used for any purpose of household furniture and light construction elements from the middle of the twentieth century. CFS could be used as purlin, roof cover, steel truss, wall panel, composite deck slab, and structural framing. One of the disadvantages is the buckling problem which reduces the maximum load. The development of technology leads to the massive product of CFS. CFS became more popular and well-accepted in any region in the world [1].
Some of the unfavorable characteristics of peat soil are low bearing capacity and high compressibility. The reinforcing material used in this research which functions the same as geogrid are bamboo materials (grids and woven). The bamboo material used aims to determine the carrying capacity and reduction of shallow foundations on peat soil before being reinforced and after being reinforced. Bamboo matting and rectangular patterned bamboo grids. Laboratory scale testing were used as the research methodology. The peat soil sampling location came from the area of Dusun III Banyu Urip, Banyuasin regency, South Sumatra province. The bamboo material is obtained from the Seberang Ulu area, Palembang City and sand is obtained from the sand depot in the Musi II area, Palembang City. The results of laboratory testing show that the addition of the number of reinforcement layers and the effective layer depth distance will give a greater bearing capacity ratio (BCR) value. The bearing capacity value of the shallow foundation before being reinforced on peat soil using Terzaghi's analysis is 45.232 kpa. Then, after testing the variation in the depth of the layer d = 0b; d = 0.25b; and d = 0.5b with the number of layers 1 layer, 2 layers and 3 layers obtained a variation which gives the highest bearing capacity value of layer depth variations d = 0.25b with the number of layers of 3 layers. The bearing capacity value is 94 kpa with a BCRvalue of 2.08 (percent increase of 107.96 %).
Cold-formed steel (CFS) is currently used as the alternative material of Hot-Rolled Steel (HRS). One of its benefits is that the CFS has a lighter weight rather than HRS. The CFS is produced by forming the thin plate into some type of section at room temperature. CFS is beneficial in daily life; it could be used as the purlin, roof truss, roof cover, composite deck slab, wall panel, racking, and structural framing. Due to its advantages, the demand for CFS usage in construction works increases significantly, so CFS production becomes more massive [1]. On the other side, the CFS has disadvantages; it is instability because of the thin plate behavior. The CFS section tends to buckle when it is subjected to a more significant load [2]. *Author for correspondence Several type connections could be utilized for the beam-column connections of CFS. It commonly uses the screw as the connector to connect the roof truss component of the CFS because it is quick and straightforward in installation. In the primary structure connection, such as beam to column connection, the screws connection has some installation problems. The strength to resist the load in the structural component is deficient. So, the proposed bolted connection with slip-in gusset plate on beam-column connection is conducted in this study. There are few studies about the non-composite connection research of CFS as the structural component, which is a beam-column connection [3-7]. Aminuddin et al. [3] has studied rectangular slip-in gusset plate configurations with rectangular shapes for the bolted connection. It continues to make another connection by combining the flange cleat with a
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