Massive waste rock wool was generated globally and it caused substantial environmental issues such as landfill and leaching. However, reviews on the recyclability of waste rock wool are scarce. Therefore, this study presents an in-depth review of the characterization and potential usability of waste rock wool. Waste rock wool can be characterized based on its physical properties, chemical composition, and types of contaminants. The review showed that waste rock wool from the manufacturing process is more workable to be recycled for further application than the post-consumer due to its high purity. It also revealed that the pre-treatment method—comminution is vital for achieving mixture homogeneity and enhancing the properties of recycled products. The potential application of waste rock wool is reviewed with key results emphasized to demonstrate the practicality and commercial viability of each option. With a high content of chemically inert compounds such as silicon dioxide (SiO2), calcium oxide (CaO), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) that improve fire resistance properties, waste rock wool is mainly repurposed as fillers in composite material for construction and building materials. Furthermore, waste rock wool is potentially utilized as an oil, water pollutant, and gas absorbent. To sum up, waste rock wool could be feasibly recycled as a composite material enhancer and utilized as an absorbent for a greener environment.
In the current study, the precast panel using a cold-formed steel section integrated with a cold-formed steel section integrated with self-compacting concrete was connected to the precast column panel. A T-shaped plate was used as a joint connector. Point loading applied onto the free-side of the slab panel. The material used to form a composite slab panel was C12524-type of cold-formed steel section as the reinforcements and it was integrated with self-compacting concrete. The connection in this research was divided into two-part. It was the side part and the middle part. The quality of cold-formed steel was fy = 530 MPa and fu = 590 MPa, the quality of the T-shaped plate connector grade was S355. The bolt diameter was variated with 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, and 16 mm. The bolt quality was grade 8.8 (fy = 800 MPa). The calculation was the moment joint capacity of the connection and the stiffness. The moment joint capacity was increased within the bolt diameter increased. The side part of the specimen had the highest stiffness value; the bolts that could be used were M10, M12, and M14. To use the M16 bolt, configure the bolt spacing to be compatible with the standard BS EN 1-8:2005 [1].
This work presents the experimental tests carried out to evaluate the behaviour of different types of shear connectors proposed for cold formed steel (CFS) section integrated with ferrocement slab as potential used for composite beam. Ten push-out test specimens of cold-formed steel lipped channel sections connected with ferrocement slab were tested. Three types of shear connectors were studied comprised of bolts, self-drilling-screw and bar angle. The connection behavior is analysed in terms of its load-slip relationship and the failure mode. The parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect on the shear connector’s capacity by varying the number of layers of wire mesh used in ferrocement slab and types of shear connector used. A theoretical analysis (Eurocode 4) was carried out to verify the experiment results. The results show that the experimental and theoretical proved to have good agreement with each other.
Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) is lightweight steel produced by forming the thin plate in cool condition. It became widely used for any purpose of household furniture and light construction elements from the middle of the twentieth century. CFS could be used as purlin, roof cover, steel truss, wall panel, composite deck slab, and structural framing. One of the disadvantages is the buckling problem which reduces the maximum load. The development of technology leads to the massive product of CFS. CFS became more popular and well-accepted in any region in the world [1].
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