Objective The objective of the current study was to compare the ''Hands-off'' and ''Hands-on'' methods to reduce perineal lacerations. Method We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of two techniques for perineum protection during spontaneous delivery. Study participants included 600 nulliparous expectant mothers, who were divided equally between the ''hands off'' and ''hands on'' groups (n_300 per group). Findings A total of 147 (49 %) women in the ''Handson'' and 143 women (47.7 %) in the ''Hand -off'' groups encountered perineal trauma (p = 0.74). In the ''Handson'' group, 8 women (2.7 %) experienced a third degree trauma compared with (0.3 %) that in the ''Hands-off'' method (p = 0.1). Episiotomy was performed on 38 women (12.7 %) from the ''Hands-on'' and 17 (5.7 %) women from the ''Handsoff'' (p = 0.003) groups. In addition, 28 women (9.3 %) from the ''Hands-on'' group and 47 women (15.7 %) from the ''Hands-off'' group experienced periurethral tears (p = 0.01) that did not need mending.Conclusion Application of the ''Hands-off'' method for vaginal delivery has a positive effect on the mother's health because of the reduction of Episiotomy and third degree tearing. Therefore, we conclude that the ''Hands-off'' method offers a safer alternative for perineal control during labor.
BackgroundCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common congenital endocrine disorders.The present study determined the prevalence and demographic characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism in the north of Iran.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism based on transient and permanent types with demographic characteristics in Mazandaran province in northern Iran.MethodsThis retrospective descriptive survey analyzed the medical records of children with primary diagnosis of CH in health centers in all cities of Mazandaran Province between June 2009 and March 2016. To compare the study groups (CH type) in terms of quantitative and qualitative variables, the t-test and Chi-square test were used, respectively using the SPSS22. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsOf 269,088 infants screened during the study period, 548 infants with primary congenital hypothyroidism were identified (a prevalence of 1 per 491 births) and congenital hypothyroidism was definitively diagnosed in 389 children (a prevalence of 1 per 453 births); of them, 169 had permanent CH (a prevalence of 1 per 1043 births) and 220 had transient CH (a prevalence of 1 per 801 births). The female to male ratio in the permanent congenital hypothyroidism group was higher than that in the transient congenital hypothyroidism group (p=0.08). The family relationship between mother and father was stronger in the permanent congenital hypothyroidism group than in the transient congenital hypothyroidism group (p=0.03).ConclusionThese findings show that congenital hypothyroidism is more prevalent in the north of Iran than in other areas of Iran; the prevalence of transient CH is particularly higher than permanent CH.
Background and Purpose: Critical thinking skill is one of the important goals of nursing education and its promotion is considered one of the expected outcomes of university studies. Thus recognition of its facilitators and barriers is an important step toward increasing the quality of nursing education. The current study was conducted to investigate critical thinking skills disposition and the relationship between anxiety and critical thinking skills in nursing students. Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on all nursing students of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery in Amol, affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran. The samples were selected by census method of all students studying in the second semester of academic year 2013. The research instruments used in critical thinking skills test were Watson
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