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Enterobiasis (oxyuriasis) is probably the most common helminth, which infects humans. Amongst different age groups, prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in children is high compared to adults. Oxyuriasis is one of the most significant parasitic diseases of children. This nematode in children can result in loss of appetite, insomnia, grinding of the teeth, restlessness, endometritis, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and etc. Due to important complications of this parasite, the objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of enterobiasis in kindergarten and preschool children of Amol, Mazandaran Province, North of Iran. A total number of 462 children from 32 kindergartens of Amol were examined for the prevalence of E. vermicularis infection, 2013. Adhesive cello-tape anal swab method was trained to parents for sampling. In addition, a questionnaire was designed and filled out to collect demographic information for each individual. Data were analyzed using Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression for each risk factor. The overall prevalence of E.vermicularis infection was 7.1 % (33). Although infection with E. vermicularis in girls 7.9 % was higher compared to boys 6.3 %, there was no significant difference between gender and age (p [ 0.05) whereas binary logistic regression showed significant difference between enterobiasis and age (p \ 0.05). The findings indicated that the prevalence of E. vermicularis in kindergarten and preschool children is relatively high and still is an important health problem and should not be underestimated due to being highly contagious infection. Therefore, educational programs and mass treatment should be carried out in order to reduce infection incidence in this area and regular parasitological test and attention to personal hygiene in kindergarten and preschool is of great importance.

Objective The objective of the current study was to compare the ''Hands-off'' and ''Hands-on'' methods to reduce perineal lacerations. Method We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of two techniques for perineum protection during spontaneous delivery. Study participants included 600 nulliparous expectant mothers, who were divided equally between the ''hands off'' and ''hands on'' groups (n_300 per group). Findings A total of 147 (49 %) women in the ''Handson'' and 143 women (47.7 %) in the ''Hand -off'' groups encountered perineal trauma (p = 0.74). In the ''Handson'' group, 8 women (2.7 %) experienced a third degree trauma compared with (0.3 %) that in the ''Hands-off'' method (p = 0.1). Episiotomy was performed on 38 women (12.7 %) from the ''Hands-on'' and 17 (5.7 %) women from the ''Handsoff'' (p = 0.003) groups. In addition, 28 women (9.3 %) from the ''Hands-on'' group and 47 women (15.7 %) from the ''Hands-off'' group experienced periurethral tears (p = 0.01) that did not need mending.Conclusion Application of the ''Hands-off'' method for vaginal delivery has a positive effect on the mother's health because of the reduction of Episiotomy and third degree tearing. Therefore, we conclude that the ''Hands-off'' method offers a safer alternative for perineal control during labor.

BackgroundCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common congenital endocrine disorders.The present study determined the prevalence and demographic characteristics of congenital hypothyroidism in the north of Iran.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism based on transient and permanent types with demographic characteristics in Mazandaran province in northern Iran.MethodsThis retrospective descriptive survey analyzed the medical records of children with primary diagnosis of CH in health centers in all cities of Mazandaran Province between June 2009 and March 2016. To compare the study groups (CH type) in terms of quantitative and qualitative variables, the t-test and Chi-square test were used, respectively using the SPSS22. P-value <0.05 was considered as significant.ResultsOf 269,088 infants screened during the study period, 548 infants with primary congenital hypothyroidism were identified (a prevalence of 1 per 491 births) and congenital hypothyroidism was definitively diagnosed in 389 children (a prevalence of 1 per 453 births); of them, 169 had permanent CH (a prevalence of 1 per 1043 births) and 220 had transient CH (a prevalence of 1 per 801 births). The female to male ratio in the permanent congenital hypothyroidism group was higher than that in the transient congenital hypothyroidism group (p=0.08). The family relationship between mother and father was stronger in the permanent congenital hypothyroidism group than in the transient congenital hypothyroidism group (p=0.03).ConclusionThese findings show that congenital hypothyroidism is more prevalent in the north of Iran than in other areas of Iran; the prevalence of transient CH is particularly higher than permanent CH.

Aim:  This study aims to assess the effectiveness of epidural steroid injection as well as comparing two agents commonly used in these procedures, namely triamcinalone acetonide and methylprednisolone acetate. Method:  Twenty subjects were recruited into each group receiving either agent. Results:  Overall result showed that there were marked improvement in symptoms in both agents but there were no differences in terms of superiority from one agent to another. Conclusion:  Epidural steroid injection is effective and both agents are equipotent.