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Objective: The present study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of adaptive radiotherapy (RT) among patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: 36 patients eligible for radical RT underwent RT planning scans and were planned for 54-Gy dose to both high-risk and low-risk target volumes in Phase I. All patients underwent a second (adaptive) scan during the fifth week of RT. Phase II plans for 16 Gy to high-risk planning target volume were developed on these mid-treatment scans. The primary end point was local response. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related morbidity were secondary end points.

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Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is being increasingly utilized in the treatment of prostate cancer. With the advent of high-precision radiosurgery systems, it is possible to obtain dose distributions akin to high-dose rate brachytherapy with SBRT. However, urethral toxicity has a significant impact on the quality of life in patients with prostate cancer. Contouring the male urethra on a CT scan is difficult in the absence of an indwelling catheter. In this pictorial essay, we have used the MRI obtained for radiotherapy planning to aid in the delineation of the male urethra and have attempted to define guidelines for the same.

Brachytherapy can play a very important role in the definitive cure by radiation therapy in India. However, except for in a handful of centres, the majority of hospitals use it only for intracavitary treatment. The most probable reasons for such are the lack of logistical resources in terms of trained personal and supporting staff, rather than lack of radiotherapy machines and equipment. In this article, the authors look into the various aspects of brachytherapy in India: from its beginning to present days. The authors point out the resources available, shortcomings, and some possible solutions to make use of brachytherapy more popular and effective. Apart from presenting a picture of the present scenario, the article pays attention to the positive signs of brachytherapy becoming more popular in the near future.