W~eowo, S., V. BAIMAI, and R. G. . Differentiation of four taxa of the Anopheles balabacensis complex using H-banding patterns in the sex chromosomes. Can. J . Genet. Cytol. 26: 425-429. Analyses of metaphase chromosomes of four taxa of the Anopheles balabncensis complex ( A . dirus A, B, and C, and A. takasagoensis) using the Hoechst 33258 staining technique have revealed remarkable differences in the fluorescence banding patterns of the sex chromosomes. These result from changes in the amount and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin. This evidence supports the results from cross-mating experiments and from morphological studies which indicate that three of these taxa, A. takasagoensis, dirus A, and dirus B, are sibling species. Differences in H-staining patterns of the sex chromosomes of a dirus colony from Kanchanaburi suggest that it too is a genetically distinct taxon, provisionally designated as dirus C, within the A. balabacensis complex.
This study was done to determine the risk of anxiety and depression symptoms among fragile X premutation carriers. Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HARS) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) was administered by trained physicians to measure the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively. Caregiver distress factors which directly contribute to caregiver burden in particular degree of relationship with the child, number of FXS child, child institutional/educational status, number of hours spent providing care per day, and the degree of illness severity were documented. Thirty-one fragile X carriers (27 females, 4 males), aged 32-77 years participated in this study. Only 3.2% had anxiety symptoms, while depression symptoms were identified in 35.5% carriers. Number of hours of providing care/day were significantly associated with depression symptoms (p<0.001). The prevalence ratio (PR) of depression among individuals who had a distress score above cutoff was 3.2 (95% CI= 1.2 to 8.5) compared to those who had a distress score below cutoff with p=0.02. Fragile X premutation carriers are at a greater risk to develop depression symptoms related to the hours spent in caring for children with fragile X syndrome (FXS).
AbstrakPerkwnpulan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia (PKBI) Jawa-Tengah mengkreasi klem susuk dan metoda pelepasan Norplant yang lebih cepat dan sederhana yang disebut teknik "U ". Studi perbandingan pada pelepasan susuk pada 76 and scalpel only and named as "Pop-out" method.Unfortunately the "Pop-out" removal required slightly more time (mean time 20 minutes) than the ordinary technique.
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