Grazing area functions as food supplier for animal, especially big herbivore mammal, and center of animal activity, for instant: grooming, child caring, and other social interaction. Beside that, grazing area functions as habitat of various plant species included plant with function as natural pesticide. The objective to this research is to identify the species richness of plants functioning as natural pesticide on Bekol savanna area in the Baluran National Park. Data collection was done by determining sample quadrant size and sampling unit quantity as well as species density and frequency. Data were analyzed with Important Value Index (IV) method. Result of this research indicate that there were seven species functioning as natural pesticide out of 38 species at Bekol savanna area. It means that 18% of all species functioned as natural pesticide.
The hydrological system of tropical peatland has been changed due to drainage. The condition caused prone to peatland burning. Forest fire affected the vegetation composition in peatland. Repeated fire causes more severe impact on vegetation and the change the peatland characteristics. The aim of the study is to obtain species composition on peatland after fire in Central Kalimantan. The research was conducted on several plots of vegetation observation on peatland that burned in 2015 (three years after fire and forth fire frequency). The plot sizes were depending on vegetation stage (seedling, sapling, poles, and trees) of 2 Ha or 50 observation plots. The measurements of parameter were species, density, frequency, and important value index. The species composition was described by ecological indices such as Shannon wiener index, Simpson index, and evenness index. The results showed that species diversity and ecological index were very low. That condition indicated that the fire has changed the species composition and the natural regeneration has been obstructed. Combretocarpus Rotundatus and Cratoxylon glaucum were presented on overall tree stage as pioneer species, but the climax species didn’t found on three years after forest fire. Based on the results, the repeated fires caused an extreme decrease of natural regeneration so the ability of recovery is not running well. The parameters can be used in determining the priority of revegetation program on large scale.
Logging causes a decline in the quality of stands in all forest types. However, these forests can recover naturally. This study aims to measure the ability to recover logged-over areas based on the species composition and above-ground biomass. This research was conducted by logged-over forest in 1987, of lowland forest type in the Kintap Research Forest, South Kalimantan. The research was carried out by making a measurement plot on three types of land with the main road’s distance as a differentiating factor. Each type of measurement plot measuring 1 hectare is divided into five replications with 20 m × 100 m. The measurement parameters are the diversity of species and above-ground biomass estimated by the allometric model. The results showed that the distance difference did not affect the species composition and the potential for above-ground ground biomass. The species composition is indicated by the diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index, including above-ground biomass. Overall, more than 100 tree species present after felling and an evenness index of higher than 0.75, indicating that the community is stable with high species diversity and low dominance. This indicates that logged-over areas can recover but that recovery requires adequate regeneration after logging. The implication is that logging must leave enough standing stands. This condition will encourage natural regeneration or succession in logged-over forests.
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