Background:The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise. Interest has been increasing recently in noninvasive diagnostic procedure. Hence, an attempt has been made by the present study to analyze the changes in cytomorphometry in exfoliated buccal and gingival mucosa cells in type 2 diabetic patients.Aim:The aim of this study was to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in exfoliated cells of gingiva and buccal mucosa as an adjunct to diagnosis of diabetes.Materials and Methods:In the present study, fifty known type 2 diabetic patients were taken as study group, and the control group was comprised of fifty healthy individuals. Smear was prepared from buccal mucosa and gingival epithelium of both study and control groups and was stained by rapid Papanicolaou (Pap) stain. Stained smears were subjected to cytomorphometric analysis using Lynx Biolux (Lawrence and Mayo) image analysis software. In each Pap smear, 100 cells were evaluated for nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA) and cytoplasm to nuclear ratio (CNR).Results:Mean NA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in study group whereas mean CA did not exhibit any statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The mean CNR was significantly lower in the study group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:This study contributes to the general understanding of the alterations in the cellular pattern of buccal and gingival mucosa cells in diabetic patients and can be used as an additional tool to aid in the evaluation of oral mucosal alterations in diabetes mellitus.
Background:Predentin, the unmineralized organic matrix is important in maintaining the integrity of dentin. It is usually thick where active dentinogenesis occurs. A wide variation in its thickness is reported. Hence, we determined the variation in predentin thickness at various sites of different age groups.Materials and Methods:60 freshly extracted teeth (maxillary and mandibular first premolars) were divided into three groups with 20 teeth in each as, Group 1 - teeth with incomplete root formation (age <16 years), Group 2 - teeth with complete root formation (aged between 16 and 30 years), Group 3 - teeth of patients aged above 30 years. The teeth were fixed, decalcified and sections of 6 μ thickness were obtained, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The distance between the odontoblastic cell layers of the pulp to the border line of the dentin was considered for the measurement of the predentin thickness. A total of nine sites were considered for each specimen.Results:The present study revealed varied mean predentin thickness at all nine sites in all three age groups. Maximum and minimum thickness was observed at the apex and pulp floor respectively in all three groups. There was a statistical significant difference in predentin thickness between groups 1 and 3 and 2 and 3.Conclusion:The predentin thickness in the first group gradually increased toward the growing end near the apex, while it was relatively constant in the second group and increased overall thickness at all the sites in the third group. A notable finding was a linear increase with age in width of the predentin and the thickness vary as a function of odontoblastic activity during different stages of tooth development.
Haemangiomas are the most common benign soft tissue tumor of the oral cavity. It often presents at birth or soon after, and appears as a soft and vascular swelling in lip, tongue, or buccal mucosa. This article reports a rare case of intra muscular haemangioma of the buccal mucosa in a 27-year-old female patient.
Fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of fibroblasts. At one time, it was considered one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas. However, the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma is made much less frequently today because of the recognition and separate classification of other spindle cell lesions that have similar microscopic features. Of all the fibrosarcomas occurring in humans, only 0.05% occur in the head and neck region. Here, we present a case of 22-year-old female patient with the swelling on the left anterior aspect of the face. Histopathologically, the lesion was diagnosed as fibrosarcoma and immunohistochemically, the lesional cells showed positivity for vimentin.
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