Darier disease (DD), also known as keratosis follicularis or dyskeratosis follicularis, is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis with high penetrance and variable expressivity. It is caused by mutations of ATP2A2 gene which encodes the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase isoform 2. It is clinically manifested by hyperkeratotic papules primarily affecting seborrheic areas on the head, neck and thorax, with less frequent involvement of the oral mucosa. When oral manifestations are present, they primarily affect the palatal and alveolar mucosa, are usually asymptomatic and are discovered in routine dental examination. Histologically, the lesions show suprabasal clefts with acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells. We present a case of 35-year-old female patient with typical clinical and histological features of DD.
Background:Radiation given during treatment of oral and pharyngeal malignancy frequently causes alteration of the oral environment predisposing to the colonization of the oral mucosa by yeast species most frequently Candida.Objective:Thus, this study was undertaken in 107 patients to find out association between radiation therapy and frequency of oropharyngeal candidosis, to quantitate colony forming units (CFUs) to identify Candida at species level and to check the incidence of serotype A and B in C. albicans.Materials and Methods:The study was done on patients suffering from oropharyngeal cancer who were advised radiotherapy. The oral rinse collection method was used to collect the sample. Sabourauds Dextrose Agar (SDA) was used as primary culture media and subsequently speciation was done using standard techniques. The strains of C. albicans were serotyped employing the method described by Hansclever and Mitchell (1961, J Bacteriol 1961;82:570-3).Results:26.16% patients were mycologically positive for candida before radiotherapy with CFUs 100. 14 ± 59.11 that increased to 60.74% patients during radiotherapy with an increase in CFUs to 490.15 ± 207.97. Clinically, grading of mucositis was done and also individual signs and symptoms were noted in each patient. The occurrence of erythmatous lesions, ulceration, and xerostomia were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). C. albicans was the most frequently encountered species with higher prevalence of serotype A suggesting higher virulent species.Conclusion:It is proposed that in such patients taking radiotherapy prophylactic antifungal treatment should be given specially in patients showing development of oral mucosal lesions such as erythmatous lesions, ulcerations, and complaining about dryness of mouth, that is, xerostomia irrespective of presence or absence of clinical oral candidosis.
Background:The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise. Interest has been increasing recently in noninvasive diagnostic procedure. Hence, an attempt has been made by the present study to analyze the changes in cytomorphometry in exfoliated buccal and gingival mucosa cells in type 2 diabetic patients.Aim:The aim of this study was to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in exfoliated cells of gingiva and buccal mucosa as an adjunct to diagnosis of diabetes.Materials and Methods:In the present study, fifty known type 2 diabetic patients were taken as study group, and the control group was comprised of fifty healthy individuals. Smear was prepared from buccal mucosa and gingival epithelium of both study and control groups and was stained by rapid Papanicolaou (Pap) stain. Stained smears were subjected to cytomorphometric analysis using Lynx Biolux (Lawrence and Mayo) image analysis software. In each Pap smear, 100 cells were evaluated for nuclear area (NA), cytoplasmic area (CA) and cytoplasm to nuclear ratio (CNR).Results:Mean NA was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in study group whereas mean CA did not exhibit any statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). The mean CNR was significantly lower in the study group (P < 0.05).Conclusion:This study contributes to the general understanding of the alterations in the cellular pattern of buccal and gingival mucosa cells in diabetic patients and can be used as an additional tool to aid in the evaluation of oral mucosal alterations in diabetes mellitus.
Microchimerism is the presence of cells from one individual in another genetically distinct individual. Pregnancy is the main cause of natural microchimerism through transplacental bi-directional cell trafficking between mother and fetus. In addition to a variety of cell-free substances, it is now well-recognized that some cells are also exchanged in pregnancy. Furthermore, it is now known that microchimerism persists decades later both in mother and in her progeny. The consequences of pregnancy-related microchimerism are under active investigation. However, many authors have suggested a close relationship linking fetal microchimerism and the development of autoimmune diseases. Fetal microchimerism is emerging as a potential contributing factor in certain diseases, including cancer. Parallel studies in animal and human pregnancy suggest that microchimeric fetal cells play a role in wound healing. Role of these microchimeric cells in human health and disease is discussed here.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is a monoclonal lymphoid malignancy characterized by progressive accumulation of small, mature but functionally incompetent neoplastic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow and lymphoid organs. Patients present a variable course and may not require early intervention unlike other malignancies. Patients with rapidly deteriorating blood counts, and organomegaly need treatment. Alkylating agent live Bendamustine combined with Rituximab, anti-CD 20 monoclonal antibody have shown promising results in such patients. Anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia have been reported as treatment emergent events with this combination therapy. Neutrophils are the major innate defense and their depletion can result in a wide range of opportunistic infections. This case report discusess the oral and dermal lesions which emerged with the Rituximab and Bendamustine combination therapy in a patient with CLL and their management.
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