Aim: Potential for xylitol production from xylose and corn cob hydrolysate by a tropical mangrove yeast.
Methods and Results:In the present study, 21 fungi were isolated from detritus-based mangrove wetlands along the Indian west coast. Of these,
Lysosomal and microsomal acid phosphatase activity was estimated in midgut tissue of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), after induced oxidative stress by D-galactose. The larvae were simultaneously were treated with ethanolic extracts of Bacopa monniera and Lactuca sativa to study their antioxidant properties. Lipid peroxidation and fluorescence was measured to analyze extent of oxidative stress. The ethanolic extract of Lactuca sativa was found to be more effective in protecting membranes against oxidative stress than Bacopa monniera.
The regulation of endoglucanase synthesis in Penicillium funiculosum is investigated using a method based on the viscosity lowering effect on carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) by endoglucanase. Cellobiose (1 mg/L) causes induction, whereas glucose (5 g/L) does not repress the enzyme formation. Lactose (5 g/L) has no effect on the synthesis of cellulase. Avicel and cellulose powder (CP) are the best inducers of cellulase and xylanase activity. Both endoglucanase and xylanase activity were induced by CMC, whereas xylan induced only xylanase activity. The effect of protease on induction of cellulase activity is discussed.
Cysteine proteases play an important role in cell migration and tumor metastasis. Therefore, their inhibitors are of colossal interest, having potential to be developed as effective antimetastatic drugs for tumor chemotherapy. Traditionally, secondary metabolites from streptomyces show a wide range of diversity with respect to their biological activity and chemical nature. In this article, we have described the characterization of small molecule cysteine protease inhibitor, CPI-2081 (compound 1), a mixture of two novel pentapeptides, compound 1a (736.71 Da), and compound 1b (842.78 Da), isolated from Streptomyces species NCIM2081, following solvent extraction and repeated HPLC based on C18 chemistry, and completely characterized using a variety of both 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Further, it was found that nanomolar concentration of compound 1 is able to inhibit papain hydrolytic activity. Also, compound 1 significantly inhibits tumor cell migration at sub cytotoxic concentration, indicating its remarkable potential to be developed as antimetastatic drug, which will make chemotherapy more localized and specific, thereby minimizing the hazardous side effects on normal tissues.
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